Cancer Flashcards
1
Q
What is the commonest cancer in males?
A
- prostate cancer
2
Q
What cell type is associated with prostate cancer?
A
- adenocarcinoma
3
Q
If the prostate cancer affects the transitional zone what are the presenting symptoms?
A
- changes to water works
4
Q
If the prostate cancer affects the peripheral zone what are the presenting symptoms?
A
- asymptomatic to start
5
Q
Symptoms of prostate cancer?
A
- haematuria
- haematospermia
- incontinence
6
Q
What is used to diagnose prostate cancer?
A
- PSA
- Digital rectal examination
- Transrectal ultrasound scan with biopsy
7
Q
What is PSA?
A
- normal protein released from prostate
- used to breakdown seminal coagulum
- raised level may indicate enlargement
8
Q
Scoring system used in prostate cancer?
A
- Gleason scale
9
Q
How is prostate cancer staged
A
- TNM
- Gleason scale
- MRI and bone scan
10
Q
Treatment of low risk prostate cancer?
A
- active surveillance
11
Q
Treatment of high risk prostate cancer?
A
- prostatectomy
- radiotherapy
- androgen suppression
- LHRH agonist
12
Q
Name an androgen suppression drug?
A
- bicalutamide
13
Q
Name a LHRH agonist drug?
A
- Goserelin
14
Q
Hormone therapy in prostate cancer aim to?
A
- lower testosterone
15
Q
Cell type in urinary bladder cancer?
A
- transitional cell carcinoma
