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Renal > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the urinary tract composed of?

A
  • kidneys
  • ureter
  • bladder
  • urethra
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2
Q

What is the upper urinary tract composed of?

A
  • kidneys

- ureter

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3
Q

What is the lower urinary tract composed of?

A
  • blader

- urethra

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4
Q

Where are the kidneys located? and what body cavities does the urinary tract pass through?

A
  • retroperitoneal
  • abdomen
  • pelvis
  • perineum
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5
Q

Kidneys lie anterior to the _____ muscle and lateral to the _____ muscle

A
  • anterior to quadratus lumborum muscle

- lateral to psoas major muscle

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6
Q

The right kidney lies at what vertebra level?

A
  • L1-L3

- slightly inferior due to the liver

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7
Q

The left kidney lies at what vertebra level?

A
  • T12- L2
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8
Q

What ribs are the kidneys related to?

A
  • floating ribs 11 and 12
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9
Q

What is the name of the fat in close association with the renal capsule?

A
  • perinephric fat
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10
Q

The__ perinephric/paranephric__ fat is most anterior?

A
  • paranephric fat
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11
Q

What is the renal hilum composed of?

A
  • renal vein (anterior)
  • renal artery
  • ureter
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12
Q

How do you ballot a kidney?

A
  • palpate inferior to the 12th rib

- ask patient to take a deep breathe in

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13
Q

With inspiration the kidneys move in what direction?

A
  • inferior
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14
Q

What is the name of the recess anterior to the right kidney where fluid can accumulate?

A
  • hepatorenal recess
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15
Q

What is the arterial and venous supply to the kidneys?

A
  • renal artery

- renal vein

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16
Q

What are some of the arterial branches that supply the ureter

A
  • renal artery
  • abdominal aorta
  • common iliac
  • internal iliac
  • vesical artery
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17
Q

Vesical artery is also called?

A
  • bladder artery
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18
Q

Lymph from the kidneys drains into?

A
  • lumbar nodes
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19
Q

Lymph from the ureters drains where?

A
  • lumbar nodes

- iliac nodes

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20
Q

What gives the medulla is striated appearance?

A
  • the regular arrangement of nephrons
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21
Q

The minor calyx joins to form?

A
  • major calyx

- drains into renal pelvis

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22
Q

Urine from the renal pelvis next drains where?

A
  • ureter
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23
Q

What is the pelviureteral junction

A
  • wider renal pelvis narrows into ureter

- anatomical site of constriction

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24
Q

What are the 3 sites of constriction in the renal system?

A
  • pelviureteral junction
  • ureter crossing anterior aspect of common iliac artery
  • ureteric orifice
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25
Q

Where are renal stones most likely to get lodged?

A
  • 3 constrictions
  • pelviureteral junction
  • ureter crossing anterior aspect of common iliac artery
  • ureteric orifice
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26
Q

Renal stones are also called?

A
  • renal calculi
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27
Q

What causes renal stone formation?

A
  • urine calcium salts
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28
Q

Staghorn calculus may be seen as a result of what?

A
  • large calculi
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29
Q

What is the ureter response to a compression either internal or external?

A
  • contraction of smooth muscle
  • peristalsis
  • colicky pain
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30
Q

Obstruction within the calces or ureter causes back up pressure where?

A
  • unilateral kidney
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31
Q

Obstruction within the bladder causes ___unilateral/bilateral___ back up pressure

A
  • either dependant on site
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32
Q

Define hydronephrosis?

A
  • water inside the kidney
  • can cause back pressure
  • enlargement and renal failure
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33
Q

Describe the false pelvis?

A
  • from iliac crest to pelvic inlet

- part of abdominal cavity

34
Q

Describe the true pelvis

A
  • pelvic inlet to pelvic floor

- pelvic cavity

35
Q

What is the name of the muscle in the pelvic floor?

A
  • lavator ani
36
Q

What is the name of the anatomical boundary between the pelvic cavity and perineum

A
  • pelvic floor
37
Q

The ureters pass __anterior/posterior__ to the common iliac vessels to enter the pelvis?

A
  • anterior
38
Q

What happens to the direction of the ureters at the level of the ischial spine?

A
  • ureters turn medially

- enter the posterior aspect of the bladder

39
Q

Name the peritoneal pouch in the males?

A
  • rectovesicale pouch
40
Q

The ureter runs __inferior/superior__ to the vas deferent?

A
  • inferior
41
Q

Name the 2 peritoneal pouches in the female?

A
  • rectouterine

- vesico-uterine

42
Q

What is the most dependant pouch in the female peritoneal cavity?

A
  • rectouterine
43
Q

In females the ureter runs __superior/inferior__ to the uterine tubules and uterine artery?

A
  • inferior

- water under the bridge

44
Q

Name the 3 bladder openings in the male bladder

A
  • 2 ureteric orifice

- internal urethral orifice

45
Q

Describe the trigone of the bladder?

A
  • between the 2 ureteric orifices and internal arterial orifice in males
46
Q

What is the name of the muscle that lines the bladder in males?

A
  • detrusor muscle
47
Q

What prevents retrograde reflux of sperm into the ureter during contraction of the bladder?

A
  • detrusor muscle forms a sphincter over the 2 ureteric orifices
48
Q

A full bladder may extend into where?

A
  • the false pelvis
49
Q

Name the sphincter below the prostatic urethra?

A
  • external urethral sphincter

- enters into spongy urethra

50
Q

Where is sperm produced?

A
  • seminiferous tubules
51
Q

Where is sperm stored?

A
  • epididymis
52
Q

The spermatic cord enters the abdomen through what anatomical site?

A
  • inguinal canal
53
Q

What is contained within the spermatic cord?

A
  • testicular artery
  • pampiniform plexus of veins
  • vas deferens
  • lymphatics
54
Q

When testes grow during development what do they invaginate?

A
  • tunica vaginalis
55
Q

Describe hydrocele?

A
  • excess fluid in the tunica vaginalis
56
Q

What is the blood supply to the testes?

A
  • right and left testicular artery

- branch of abdominal aorta

57
Q

What is the venous drainage to the testes?

A
  • right testicular vein –> inferior vena cava

- left testicular vein –> left renal vein

58
Q

The right testicular artery drains into what?

A
  • inferior vena cava
59
Q

The left testicular vein drains into what?

A
  • left renal vein
60
Q

The ureter is __posterior/anterior__ to the vas deferents?

A
  • posterior
61
Q

Where is the location where the ejaculatory duct joins to form the prostatic urethra?

A
  • the prostate gland
62
Q

What does the prostatic urethra transmit?

A
  • semen and urine
63
Q

Name the 3 cylinders of erectile tissue in the penis?

A
  • corpus spongiosum
  • right corpus cavernosum
  • left corpus cavernosum
64
Q

Blood supply to the penis?

A
  • internal iliac artery
65
Q

Blood supply to the scrotum?

A
  • internal and external iliac artery
66
Q

Lymphatic drainage from the penis drains where?

A
  • superficial inguinal lymph nodes
67
Q

Ureteric peristalsis and bladder contraction is under what control?

A
  • autonomic
68
Q

Urethral sphincter control?

A
  • internal (males) - autonomic

- external (both) - somatic motor

69
Q

Where do sympathetic fibres leave the spine?

A
  • T1- L2
70
Q

Name the 2 sympathethic splanchic chains?

A
  • abdominopelvic splanchnic

- cardiopulmonary splanchnic

71
Q

Specific to the urinary tract where does the sympathetic fibres leave the spinal cord?

A
  • T1 - L2

- abdominopelvic splanchnic

72
Q

Where does parasympathetic leave the CNS?

A
  • CN III, VII, IX, X or sacral spinal nerves
73
Q

Parasympathetic control to the kidneys and ureter

A
  • CN X
74
Q

Parasympathetic control to the bladder

A
  • S2, S3, S4
75
Q

Explain the process of urination in terms of nerves

A
  • visceral afferents sence stretch
  • detrusor muscle contracts
  • internal, external urethral sphincter and levator ani relax
76
Q

Urination is ___sympathetic/parasympathetic___

A
  • parasympathetic

- S2, S3, S4

77
Q

Kidney pain is at what spinal level

A
  • T11- L1
78
Q

Ureters pain is at what spinal level

A
  • T11 - L2
79
Q

Bladder pain is at what spinal level

A
  • superior - T11- L2

- inferior - S2, S3, S4

80
Q

Distal urethra pain is what?

A
  • localised

- somatic sensory

81
Q

Testis pain felt where?

A
  • T10- T11

- Scrotum or lower abdomen

Renal (14 decks)

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