Histology Flashcards
What are the functions of the kidneys and urinary tract?
- maintains water and electrolyte homeostasis
- excrete toxin metabolic waste products
- acts as an endocrine gland
The outer capsule of the kidney is what?
- fibrous
- inner - cellular
The __cortex/medulla___ is most internal of the kidney?
- medulla
What is the basic functional unit of the kidney?
- the nephron
What is the nephron composed of?
- renal corpuscle
- renal tubules
What is the renal corpuscle composed of?
- glomerulus
- bowman’s capsule
What is the function of the renal corpuscle?
- production and collection of glomerular filtrate
What is bowman’s capsule composed of?
- simple squamous epithelium
- podocytes
Function of the proximal convoluted tubule?
- reabsorption of water, proteins, amino acids and carbohydrates and glucose
Sodium is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubules by what?
- active transport
The ___proximal/distal___ convoluted tubule has a noticeable brush border at the apical end?
- proximal
The ___proximal/distal___ convoluted tubule cells are smaller?
- distal
The loop of henle is in which area of the kidney?
- medulla
The loop of henle is responsible for making a ____ environment?
- hyperosmotic
Thick limbs of the loop of henle are lined by?
- simple cuboidal cells
Thin limbs of the loop of henle are lined by?
- simple squamous cells
What is the blood supply to the loop of henle and why is it unique?
- vasa recta
- able to continue to supply in an hyperosmolar environment
What is the function of the distal convoluted tubule?
- acid and base / water balance
At the distal convoluted tubule ____ are excreted?
- H+
- K+
Reabsorption of Na+ is controlled by what?
- aldosterone
What is the function of the collecting ducts?
- reabsorption of water under the control of ADH
High ADH affect on urine?
- more concentrated urine
What forms the medullary rays/
- straight segments of proximal and distal tubules and collecting ducts
What cell lines the conducting parts of the urine system?
- transitional epithelium
