microbio lab final Flashcards
Algae
eukaryotic, protist, simple nonflowering plant of a large group that includes the seaweeds and many single-celled forms. Algae contain chlorophyll but lack true stems, roots, leaves, and vascular tissue.
amylase
enzyme which hydrolyzes large starch molecules by breaking the bonds between the constituent glucose molecules.
antiseptic
stop the growth of microorganisms but are mild enough to be used on living tissue.
aseptic techniques
skills used to prevent contamination of a growing species in a laboratory. example- heating inoculating loop, flaming head of test tube.
budding
a type of asexual reproduction. The nucleus divides and forms a daughter cell, eventually breaking away from the parent cell.
casein
main protein in milk
catalase
enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. Protects the cell from oxidative damage.
CFU
colony forming unit. A single bacterium can multiply and divide into a colony of many bacteria.
Clone
genetically identical cells
coliforms
bacteria found in the intestinal tract of humans and animals. They are facultatively anaerobic, bacillus shaped, gram negative. They ferment lactose to produce gas.
colony
a mass group of cells
contrast
substances that differ from each other
curds
forms when milk sours, used for the basis of cheese.
cysts
a closed pouch of tissue containing fluid
detritus
waste or debris of any kind
dilution blank
same as a diluent, putting the factor into a large solution to dilute it.
dimorphic
the existence of two different forms of a species especially in the same population.
disinfectant
antimicrobial substances such as bleach and lysol. used to kill or stop the growth of pathogens on inanimate objects.
endospore
produced by the cell when its in extreme conditions to protect itself from heat and other harmful things.
epidemiology
science that deals with the transmission of disease.
eukaryotic
has a nucleus. includes fungi, plants and animals.
heterotrophic
An organism that cannot synthesize its own food and is dependent on complex organic substances for nutrition.
hypha
each of the branching filaments that make up the mycelium of a fungus.
index case
the original patient that caused the spread of the disease, either genetic or not.
magnification
the process of looking at something bigger
molds
multicellular fungi
mordant
a substance, typically an inorganic oxide, that combines with a dye or stain and thereby fixes it in a material, iodine on gram stain.
mutagen
Because UV light causes mutations, it is referred to as a mutagen.
mutation
errors in DNA make it so it cannot be used for protein synthesis and cannot be replicated accurately.
mycelium
the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a network of fine white filaments (hyphae)
nosocomial infection
infections acquired in hospitals and health care settings.
parfocal
refers to objectives that can be changed with minimal or no refocusing.
prokaryotic
no nucleus, example: bacteria. single celled, DNA floats freely.
protease
enzymes that hydrolyze protein
protozoa
any of a diverse group of eukaryotes of the kingdom protista, that are primarily unicellular. Include flagellates, ciliates, sporozoans, amoebas, and foraminifers.
puerperal sepsis
childbed fever, it was the infection that was killing women following childbirth.
pure culture
all the cells in a colony belong to the same species and strain of bacteria.
reservoir
the source of the pathogen, where the microbe was first found, its original home.
resolution
the smallest distance between two points on a specimen that can still be distinguished as two separate entities. How much detail you can see. Ability to distinguish detail.
serial dilution
involves repeatedly mixing known amounts of source culture with sterilized liquid.
spectrum of activity
broad spectrum vs. narrow spectrum. The way to measure how susceptible/resistant a microbe is.
Ultraviolet light
light with wavelengths less than that of violet light. Includes electromagnetic radiation that has a wavelength between 4 and 400 nm.
vector
an organism, typically a biting insect or tick, that transmits a disease or parasite from one animal or plant to another.
Whey
the watery part of milk that remains after the formation of curds.
working distance
the distance between the slide and the lens of the microscope.
yeasts
a microscopic fungus consisting of single oval cells that reproduce by budding, and are capable of converting sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide.
zone of inhibition
if the bacteria are inhibited by a certain drug the halo of no growth will appear.
