exercise phys exam 2

Question 1

PCr (phosphocreatine) is a buffer for ______

Answer 1

ATP

Question 2

how long does it take to replenish PCr stores?

Answer 2

6 min

Question 3

creatine loading:

Answer 3

20-25g/day for 5-7 days

Question 4

what does creatine loading do?

Answer 4

helps increase performance for HIGH INTENSITY exercise

Question 5

net ATP from glycolysis

Answer 5

2

Question 6

what is the rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis

Answer 6

phosphofructokinase

Question 7

exercise stimulates GLUT4 transporter to:

Answer 7

transform into sarcolemma and let glucose in

Question 8

insulin does what?

Answer 8

increases glucose in the cell. independent from exercise

Question 9

blood glucose does what after 1 hr exercise

Answer 9

decreases

Question 10

what helps prevent decrease of blood glucose during exercise?

Answer 10

ingestion of carbs

Question 11

how much should you drink every 15-20 min. during exercise to maintain blood glucose?

Answer 11

8-12 oz of a 6% CHO drink

Question 12

what are the two main pathways in skeletal muscle that increase glycogenolysis?

Answer 12

ephinephrine and Ca++ calmodulin

Question 13

high intensity, short exercise utilizes what as fuel?

Answer 13

carbs

Question 14

low intensity, long exercise utilizes what as fuel?

Answer 14

fats

Question 15

moves lactate into mitochondria for oxidation via MCT (monocarboxylate transporter)

Answer 15

intracellular lactate shuttle

Question 16

moves lactate to utilizing tissue (heart or slow twitch muscle)

Answer 16

extracellular lactate shuttle

Question 17

energy in fat

Answer 17

9kcal/g

Question 18

energy in carbs

Answer 18

4kcal/g

Question 19

an increase in cyclic AMP causes:

Answer 19

increase PKA which activates hormone sensitive lipase

Question 20

fatty acids are moved into mitochondrial matrix for beta oxidation by what enzyme?

Answer 20

carnitine transferase

Question 21

what has to be present to use fat as energy?

Answer 21

carbs

Question 22

In the Krebs cycle, what are the intermediates for beta oxidation of fats?

Answer 22

carbs

Question 23

Highly trained individuals utilize ____ as fuel source more than others.

Answer 23

fat

Question 24

crossover point:

Answer 24

when you start utilizing fats over carbs

Question 25

rise of epinephrine in blood causes what?

Answer 25

utilize more fats

Question 26

epinephrine increases with

Answer 26

duration and intensity of exercise

Question 27

RQ=1

Answer 27

glucose

Question 28

RQ=0.7

Answer 28

fats

Question 29

RER:

Answer 29

respiratory exchange ratio, events at the lung, VCO2/CO2

Question 30

In a trained individual, the time to reach steady state is ____

Answer 30

shorter

Question 31

Rapid Repayment of oxygen debt

Answer 31

resynthesis of PC in muscles | restoration of muscle and blood O2 stores

Question 32

slow repayment of oxygen debt

Answer 32

elevated hormones elevated body temp lactate removal post-exercise elevation of HR and breathing

Question 33

the graph for max rate of O2 consumption looks like:

Answer 33

linear increase then plateau

Question 34

to remove lactate faster, ____

Answer 34

move threshold to the right during endurance training

Question 35

lactate threshold:

Answer 35

good estimate of race pace during endurance exercise

Question 36

to reduce rate of lactate removal, ____

Answer 36

decrease lactate threshold

Question 37

How do you make the lactate removal much higher?

Answer 37

cool down or light exercise after workout to decrease build up of lactic acid

Question 38

what environment won't reach a steady state because there is a constant increase in O2 uptake?

Answer 38

hot and humid

Question 39

what happens when you exercise for >10 min.?

Answer 39

ATP production is primarily from aerobic metabolism

Question 40

Sprinting uses _____

Answer 40

PCr and anaerobic metabolism

Question 41

mechanism of action for steroid hormones:

Answer 41

carrier protein in blood goes into cytoplasm

Question 42

Growth Hormone helps maintain plasma glucose by 3 ways:

Answer 42

increases gluconeogenesis in liver mobilizes FFA decreases glucose uptake

Question 43

Catecholamines do what to plasma glucose?

Answer 43

increase plasma glucose

Question 44

pathway of cortisol secretion:

Answer 44

hypothalamus, CRH anterior pituitary gland, ACTH adrenal cortex cortisol:stimulates gluconeogenesis

Question 45

during exercise, glucagon____

Answer 45

increases plasma glucose

Question 46

Insulin:

Answer 46

decreases plasma glucose, uptake of glucose into cells

Question 47

lactic acid blocks mobilization of

Answer 47

FFA, lactic acid inhibits glycolysis by off setting catecholamines

Question 48

Angiotensinogen was made in what organ?

Answer 48

the liver

Question 49

angiotensinogen converts to what, by what enzyme?

Answer 49

converts to Angiotensin I by renin from kidney

Question 50

Angiotensin I converts to what, by what enzyme?

Answer 50

converts to Angiotensin II by converting enzyme

Question 51

Angiotensin II causes what

Answer 51

constriction of vascular smooth muscle

Question 52

Angiotensin II then causes

Answer 52

aldosterone to be released, causing increased water and sodium retention

Question 53

ADH

Answer 53

anti-diuretic hormone, water retention

Question 54

when dehydrated, there is an increase in plasma osmolality. How does ADH respond?

Answer 54

ADH increases

Question 55

hypovolemia

Answer 55

loss of body water due to increase of plasma osmolality | sweating decreases

Question 56

hypoglycemic

Answer 56

low blood glucose, below 70 mg/dL

Question 57

running economy

Answer 57

energy expenditure at a given running speed

Question 58

5kcal =

Answer 58

1L o2 consumed

Question 59

I met =

Answer 59

3.5 ml/kg/min

Question 60

1 watt =

Answer 60

6.12 kpm/min

Question 61

1kpm=

Answer 61

1 kgm

Question 62

1 rev=

Answer 62

6m