exsc 460 exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

function of muscle

A

contract

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2
Q

what determines what action a muscle performs

A

where the muscle or its tendon crosses the joint it’s acting upon.
and the relationship to the axis of rotation

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3
Q

What determines how well a muscle does what it does

A

size and angle of pull

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4
Q

advantages of isometric contraction

A

easy/no equipment necessary
maintains neural association
retards muscle atrophy
increase in static muscle strength

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5
Q

disadvantages of isometric contraction

A

boring;tedious
angle specific
not effective for dynamic strength or endurance improvement

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6
Q

advantages of isotonic contraction

A

functional
easy patient motivation
has concentric/eccentric component
can improve strength and endurance

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7
Q

disadvantages of isotonic contraction

A

safety
momentum (they can cheat)
fatigue compromises ROM
can be traumatic

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8
Q

Advantages of Isokinetic contraction

A

efficiency (max resistance throughout ROM)
safe
minimal post-exercise soreness
provides feedback to patient

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9
Q

disadvantages of isokinetic contraction

A

cost and convenience
equipment availability
time-consuming
greater chance of having source of error

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10
Q

variables that can be adjusted in progressive resistance exercises

A
resistance
repitions
sets 
frequency
duration
speed of contraction
type of contraction
position of patient
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11
Q

the muscle is contracting against the resistance and being strengthened

A

active exercise

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12
Q

the muscle is relaxed while resistance is acting on it, it is being stretched

A

passive exercise

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13
Q

advantages of closed kinetic chain exercises

A

enhances body awareness
produces accelerating, decelerating, and stabilizing function
allows for variable speed of movement

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14
Q

disadvantages of closed kinetic chain exercises

A

difficult to isolate muscle groups
difficult to provide control
requires expertise to detect fatigue

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15
Q

ultimate goal of therapeutic exercise

A

achieve optimum symptom-free movement and function

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16
Q

specific goals of therapeutic exercise

A
development, improvement, restoration, or maintenance of:
strength
endurance
relaxation
coordination
mobility and flexibility
17
Q

easiest, voluntary contraction aided by therapist

A

active assistive exercise

18
Q

patient moves body segment through ROM unaided,

mass of body segment is resistance

A

active exercise

19
Q

patient moves body segment through ROM against an external resistance

A

active-resistive exercise

20
Q

primary principles of active-resistance exercise and manual muscle testing

A
  1. isolate muscle or muscle group
  2. stabilize proximal segment
  3. apply resistance to the distal end of distal segment
  4. angle of resistance should be 90d through complete ROM
21
Q

etiology of posture problems

A
poor body mechanics
hereditary
environmental factors/working conditions
congenital factors
physical fitness level
22
Q

In a plumb line test, the line passes through what:

A
mastoid process
bisects shoulder joint
bisects greater trochanter
bisects knee
anterior to lateral malleolus
23
Q

shorter, tighter, stronger

A

convex side

24
Q

longer, stretch, weaker

A

concave side

25
effect on muscles remaining in a lengthened position beyond the neutral position
stretch weakness
26
natural consequence of tendancy for a shortened muscle to remain in somewhat shortened condition, no lengthening during relaxation
adaptive shortness
27
first degree in development of acquired deformities
curable by exercise changes in muscle tone and habitual posture no bony changes patient can correct position of affected part
28
second degree in development of acquired deformities
improvable by exercise definite contracture of soft structures slight degree of bony change can be corrected to some extent by therapist
29
third degree in development of acquired deformities
improved by surgery only serious bony changes little, if any change can be produced with exercise