exsc 460 exam 1 Flashcards
function of muscle
contract
what determines what action a muscle performs
where the muscle or its tendon crosses the joint it’s acting upon.
and the relationship to the axis of rotation
What determines how well a muscle does what it does
size and angle of pull
advantages of isometric contraction
easy/no equipment necessary
maintains neural association
retards muscle atrophy
increase in static muscle strength
disadvantages of isometric contraction
boring;tedious
angle specific
not effective for dynamic strength or endurance improvement
advantages of isotonic contraction
functional
easy patient motivation
has concentric/eccentric component
can improve strength and endurance
disadvantages of isotonic contraction
safety
momentum (they can cheat)
fatigue compromises ROM
can be traumatic
Advantages of Isokinetic contraction
efficiency (max resistance throughout ROM)
safe
minimal post-exercise soreness
provides feedback to patient
disadvantages of isokinetic contraction
cost and convenience
equipment availability
time-consuming
greater chance of having source of error
variables that can be adjusted in progressive resistance exercises
resistance repitions sets frequency duration speed of contraction type of contraction position of patient
the muscle is contracting against the resistance and being strengthened
active exercise
the muscle is relaxed while resistance is acting on it, it is being stretched
passive exercise
advantages of closed kinetic chain exercises
enhances body awareness
produces accelerating, decelerating, and stabilizing function
allows for variable speed of movement
disadvantages of closed kinetic chain exercises
difficult to isolate muscle groups
difficult to provide control
requires expertise to detect fatigue
ultimate goal of therapeutic exercise
achieve optimum symptom-free movement and function
specific goals of therapeutic exercise
development, improvement, restoration, or maintenance of: strength endurance relaxation coordination mobility and flexibility
easiest, voluntary contraction aided by therapist
active assistive exercise
patient moves body segment through ROM unaided,
mass of body segment is resistance
active exercise
patient moves body segment through ROM against an external resistance
active-resistive exercise
primary principles of active-resistance exercise and manual muscle testing
- isolate muscle or muscle group
- stabilize proximal segment
- apply resistance to the distal end of distal segment
- angle of resistance should be 90d through complete ROM
etiology of posture problems
poor body mechanics hereditary environmental factors/working conditions congenital factors physical fitness level
In a plumb line test, the line passes through what:
mastoid process bisects shoulder joint bisects greater trochanter bisects knee anterior to lateral malleolus
shorter, tighter, stronger
convex side
longer, stretch, weaker
concave side
effect on muscles remaining in a lengthened position beyond the neutral position
stretch weakness
natural consequence of tendancy for a shortened muscle to remain in somewhat shortened condition, no lengthening during relaxation
adaptive shortness
first degree in development of acquired deformities
curable by exercise
changes in muscle tone and habitual posture
no bony changes
patient can correct position of affected part
second degree in development of acquired deformities
improvable by exercise
definite contracture of soft structures
slight degree of bony change
can be corrected to some extent by therapist
third degree in development of acquired deformities
improved by surgery only
serious bony changes
little, if any change can be produced with exercise
