final exam, muscles

Question 1

has 2 bellies, extends from the mandible to the hyoid bone, the other continues from the hyoid bone to the mastoid portion of temporal bone

Answer 1

digastric muscle

Question 2

function of digastric muscle

Answer 2

open the mouth by depressing mandible, or elevate the larynx by raising hyoid bone

Question 3

forms a muscular connection between the hyoid bone and the styloid process of the skull

Answer 3

stylohyoid muscle (anterior neck muscle)

Question 4

extends from the clavicle and the sternum to the mastoid region of the skull

Answer 4

sternocleidomastoid (anterior neck muscle)

Question 5

attaches to the scapula, the clavicle, and first rib, and the hyoid bone

Answer 5

omohyoid (anterior neck muscle)

Question 6

anterior, middle, and posterior parts originate from transverse processes of cervical spine and insert at the first rib and second rib

Answer 6

scalenes (anterior neck muscle)

Question 7

function of scalenes

Answer 7

laterally flex the neck and, if neck is stable, elevate their respective rib

Question 8

the brachial plexus emerges between what?

Answer 8

the anterior and middle scalenes

Question 9

function of muscles of mastication

Answer 9

move the mandible at the temporomandibular joint

Question 10

what is the strongest jaw muscle?

Answer 10

the large masseter

Question 11

what muscle assists in elevation of the mandible?

Answer 11

temporalis

Question 12

what muscles can elevate, depress, or protract the mandible or slide it from side to side (lateral excursion)

Answer 12

the pterygoid muscles

Question 13

why are movements of mastication important?

Answer 13

important in making efficient use of your teeth while you chew foods of various consistencies

Question 14

what nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

Answer 14

trigeminal 5

Question 15

passes medial to the zygomatic arch to insert on the coronoid process of the mandible.

Answer 15

temporalis

Question 16

inserts on the angle and lateral surface of the mandible

Answer 16

masseter

Question 17

what muscles form the boundaries of the suboccipital triangle?

Answer 17

rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitus inferior

Question 18

what artery can be prone to excess pressure when rotating the head?

Answer 18

vertebral artery

Question 19

become tight and very painful in FHP (forward head posture)

Answer 19

splenius capitis and cervicis

Question 20

what muscles make up the superficial layer of the back and also produce limb movement?

Answer 20

lats, trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids

Question 21

what muscles make up the intermediate layer of the back?

Answer 21

splenius, erector spinae, iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

Question 22

what muscles make up the deep layers of the back and are responsible for spinal movement and stabilization?

Answer 22

transversospinalis

Question 23

action of posterior serratus superior

Answer 23

elevates ribs

Question 24

action of posterior serratus inferior

Answer 24

depresses ribs

Question 25

action of rotatores brevis and longus

Answer 25

bilateral: extension T-spine unliateral: rotation to opposite side

Question 26

action of multifidus

Answer 26

bilateral: extends spine unitlateral: flexes spine to same side, rotates to opposite side

Question 27

action of semispinalis

Answer 27

extends spine and head | unliateral: flexes to same said, rotates to opposite side

Question 28

action of rectus abdominis

Answer 28

flexes trunk, compresses abdomen

Question 29

action of pyramidalis

Answer 29

tenses linea alba

Question 30

action of external oblique

Answer 30

unliateral: flexes trunk to same side, rotates trunk to opposite side bilateral: flexes trunk, compresses abdomen

Question 31

action of tranversus abdominis

Answer 31

unilateral rotates trunk to same side, bilateral compresses abdomen

Question 32

O: lower border of upper 11 ribs I: upper border of last 11 ribs A: inspiration

Answer 32

external intercostals

Question 33

O: inner lower surface of upper 11 ribs I: inner upper border of last 11 ribs A: inspiration (interchondral portion), forced expiration (interosseous portion)

Answer 33

internal intercostals

Question 34

action of trapezius descending part

Answer 34

draws scapula obliquely upward, rotates glenoid cavity superiorly, tilits head to same side and rotates it to opposite

Question 35

action of trapezius transverse part

Answer 35

draws scapula medially

Question 36

action of trapezius ascending part

Answer 36

draws scapula medially downward

Question 37

what nerve innervates the trapezius?

Answer 37

spinal accessory

Question 38

action of levator scapulae

Answer 38

draws scapula medially upward while moving inferior angle medially, inclines neck to same side

Question 39

what nerve innervates levator scapulae?

Answer 39

dorsal scapular

Question 40

action of rhomboid minor and major

Answer 40

steadies scapula, draws scapula medially upward

Question 41

what nerve innervates the rhomboids?

Answer 41

dorsal scapular

Question 42

action of latissimus dorsi

Answer 42

internal rotation, adduction, extension, respiration, "cough muscle"

Question 43

what nerve innervates latissimus dorsi?

Answer 43

thoracodorsal

Question 44

action of Teres major

Answer 44

internal rotation, adduction, extension

Question 45

what nerve innervates teres major?

Answer 45

lower subscapular

Question 46

action of deltoid

Answer 46

ant. head: shoulder flexion, horizontal abduction, internal rotation posterior head: shoulder extension, horizontal adduction external rotation

Question 47

what nerve innervates the deltoid?

Answer 47

axillary

Question 48

action of pectoralis major

Answer 48

flexion and assisting in respiration when shoulder is fixed

Question 49

what nerve innervates pectoralis major?

Answer 49

medial and lateral pectoral

Question 50

action of coracobrachialis

Answer 50

shoulder flexion, adduction

Question 51

what nerve innervates coracobrachialis

Answer 51

musculocutaneous

Question 52

action of pectoralis minor

Answer 52

draws scapula downward, rotates glenoid inferiorly, assists in respiration

Question 53

what nerve innervates pectoralis minor

Answer 53

medial pectoral

Question 54

action of subclavius

Answer 54

steadies clavicle

Question 55

what nerve innervates subclavius?

Answer 55

nerve to subclavius

Question 56

action of serratus anterior

Answer 56

medial rotation of scapula, protracts scapula, elevates ribs when shoulder is fixed, rotates scapula laterally

Question 57

what nerve innervates serratus anterior?

Answer 57

long thoracic

Question 58

action of supraspinatus

Answer 58

shoulder abduction

Question 59

nerve that innervates supraspinatus and infraspinatus

Answer 59

suprascapular

Question 60

action of infraspinatus

Answer 60

external rotation

Question 61

action of teres minor

Answer 61

external rotation

Question 62

never that innervates teres minor

Answer 62

axillary

Question 63

action of subscapularis

Answer 63

internal rotation of shoulder

Question 64

nerve that innervates subscapularis

Answer 64

upper and lower subscapular

Question 65

action of biceps brachii

Answer 65

elbow flexion and supination, shoulder flexion, acts as a stabilizer of humeral head during deltoid contraction, internal rotation and abduction of humerus

Question 66

nerve that innervates biceps brachii

Answer 66

musculocutaneous

Question 67

action of brachialis

Answer 67

elbow flexion

Question 68

nerve that innervates brachialis

Answer 68

musculocutaneous and radial

Question 69

action of triceps brachii

Answer 69

long head: shoulder extension and adduction | entire muscle: elbow extension

Question 70

nerve that innervates triceps brachii

Answer 70

radial

Question 71

action of anconeus

Answer 71

extends elbow and tightens the joint

Question 72

nerve that innervates anconeus

Answer 72

radial

Question 73

what nerve innervates the anterior compartment, flexors

Answer 73

median nerve

Question 74

action of pronator teres

Answer 74

pronation and weak elbow flexion

Question 75

action of flexor carpi radialis

Answer 75

wrist flexion, radial deviation, elbow flexion

Question 76

action of flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 76

wrist flexion, ulnar deviation, elbow flexion

Question 77

action of flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 77

flexion of middle and proximal phalanges, wrist and elbow flexion

Question 78

action of flexor digitorum profundus

Answer 78

finger flexion, wrist flexion

Question 79

action of flexor pollicis longus

Answer 79

thumb flexion, wrist flexion

Question 80

action of pronator quadratus

Answer 80

pronation

Question 81

what muscles are in the superficial group of the anterior compartment?

Answer 81

pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 82

what muscle is in the intermediate group of the anterior compartment?

Answer 82

flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 83

what muscles are in the deep group of the anterior compartment?

Answer 83

flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus

Question 84

what nerve innervates the posterior compartment, extensors?

Answer 84

radial nerve

Question 85

what muscles make up the superficial group of the posterior compartment?

Answer 85

extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 86

what muscles make up the deep group of the posterior compartment

Answer 86

supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis

Question 87

action of extensor digitorum

Answer 87

extension of MCP joints, wrist extension

Question 88

action of extensor digiti minimi

Answer 88

extension and abduction of 5th finger, wrist extension

Question 89

action of extensor carpi ulnaris

Answer 89

wrist extension and ulnar deviation

Question 90

action of supinator

Answer 90

supination and elbow extension

Question 91

action of abductor pollicis longus

Answer 91

extends 1st metacarpal, wrist radial deviation

Question 92

action of extensor pollicis brevis

Answer 92

extension of proximal phalanx of thumb and radial deviation

Question 93

action of extensor pollicis longus

Answer 93

extends distal phalanx of thumb, extends first metacarpal, radial deviation, wrist extension

Question 94

action of extensor indicis

Answer 94

extends index finger and wrist

Question 95

action of extensor carpi radialis longus

Answer 95

wrist extension and radial deviation, elbow flexion

Question 96

action of extensor carpi radialis brevis

Answer 96

wrist extension and radial deviation, elbow flexion

Question 97

action of brachioradialis

Answer 97

elbow flexion, half pronation from supination and vice versa

Question 98

what tendons make up the anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 98

extensor pollicis longus tendon, abductor pollicis longus tendon, extensor pollicis brevis tendon

Question 99

action of lumbricals

Answer 99

flex digits at MCP joints, extend them at IP joints

Question 100

action of palmar interossei

Answer 100

adduct fingers toward middle finger

Question 101

action of dorsal interosssei

Answer 101

abduct fingers away from middle finger

Question 102

what innervates the deep part of flexor pollicis brevis?

Answer 102

ulnar nerve

Question 103

what innervates the superficial part of flexor pollicis brevis?

Answer 103

median nerve