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anatomy > final exam, muscles > Flashcards

final exam, muscles Flashcards

1
Q

has 2 bellies, extends from the mandible to the hyoid bone, the other continues from the hyoid bone to the mastoid portion of temporal bone

A

digastric muscle

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2
Q

function of digastric muscle

A

open the mouth by depressing mandible, or elevate the larynx by raising hyoid bone

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3
Q

forms a muscular connection between the hyoid bone and the styloid process of the skull

A

stylohyoid muscle (anterior neck muscle)

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4
Q

extends from the clavicle and the sternum to the mastoid region of the skull

A

sternocleidomastoid (anterior neck muscle)

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5
Q

attaches to the scapula, the clavicle, and first rib, and the hyoid bone

A

omohyoid (anterior neck muscle)

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6
Q

anterior, middle, and posterior parts originate from transverse processes of cervical spine and insert at the first rib and second rib

A

scalenes (anterior neck muscle)

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7
Q

function of scalenes

A

laterally flex the neck and, if neck is stable, elevate their respective rib

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8
Q

the brachial plexus emerges between what?

A

the anterior and middle scalenes

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9
Q

function of muscles of mastication

A

move the mandible at the temporomandibular joint

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10
Q

what is the strongest jaw muscle?

A

the large masseter

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11
Q

what muscle assists in elevation of the mandible?

A

temporalis

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12
Q

what muscles can elevate, depress, or protract the mandible or slide it from side to side (lateral excursion)

A

the pterygoid muscles

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13
Q

why are movements of mastication important?

A

important in making efficient use of your teeth while you chew foods of various consistencies

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14
Q

what nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

A

trigeminal 5

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15
Q

passes medial to the zygomatic arch to insert on the coronoid process of the mandible.

A

temporalis

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16
Q

inserts on the angle and lateral surface of the mandible

A

masseter

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17
Q

what muscles form the boundaries of the suboccipital triangle?

A

rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitus inferior

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18
Q

what artery can be prone to excess pressure when rotating the head?

A

vertebral artery

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19
Q

become tight and very painful in FHP (forward head posture)

A

splenius capitis and cervicis

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20
Q

what muscles make up the superficial layer of the back and also produce limb movement?

A

lats, trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids

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21
Q

what muscles make up the intermediate layer of the back?

A

splenius, erector spinae, iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

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22
Q

what muscles make up the deep layers of the back and are responsible for spinal movement and stabilization?

A

transversospinalis

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23
Q

action of posterior serratus superior

A

elevates ribs

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24
Q

action of posterior serratus inferior

A

depresses ribs

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25
Q

action of rotatores brevis and longus

A

bilateral: extension T-spine
unliateral: rotation to opposite side

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26
Q

action of multifidus

A

bilateral: extends spine
unitlateral: flexes spine to same side, rotates to opposite side

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27
Q

action of semispinalis

A

extends spine and head

unliateral: flexes to same said, rotates to opposite side

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28
Q

action of rectus abdominis

A

flexes trunk, compresses abdomen

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29
Q

action of pyramidalis

A

tenses linea alba

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30
Q

action of external oblique

A

unliateral: flexes trunk to same side, rotates trunk to opposite side
bilateral: flexes trunk, compresses abdomen

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31
Q

action of tranversus abdominis

A

unilateral rotates trunk to same side, bilateral compresses abdomen

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32
Q

O: lower border of upper 11 ribs
I: upper border of last 11 ribs
A: inspiration

A

external intercostals

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33
Q

O: inner lower surface of upper 11 ribs
I: inner upper border of last 11 ribs
A: inspiration (interchondral portion), forced expiration (interosseous portion)

A

internal intercostals

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34
Q

action of trapezius descending part

A

draws scapula obliquely upward, rotates glenoid cavity superiorly, tilits head to same side and rotates it to opposite

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35
Q

action of trapezius transverse part

A

draws scapula medially

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36
Q

action of trapezius ascending part

A

draws scapula medially downward

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37
Q

what nerve innervates the trapezius?

A

spinal accessory

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38
Q

action of levator scapulae

A

draws scapula medially upward while moving inferior angle medially, inclines neck to same side

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39
Q

what nerve innervates levator scapulae?

A

dorsal scapular

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40
Q

action of rhomboid minor and major

A

steadies scapula, draws scapula medially upward

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41
Q

what nerve innervates the rhomboids?

A

dorsal scapular

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42
Q

action of latissimus dorsi

A

internal rotation, adduction, extension, respiration, “cough muscle”

43
Q

what nerve innervates latissimus dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal

44
Q

action of Teres major

A

internal rotation, adduction, extension

45
Q

what nerve innervates teres major?

A

lower subscapular

46
Q

action of deltoid

A

ant. head: shoulder flexion, horizontal abduction, internal rotation
posterior head: shoulder extension, horizontal adduction external rotation

47
Q

what nerve innervates the deltoid?

A

axillary

48
Q

action of pectoralis major

A

flexion and assisting in respiration when shoulder is fixed

49
Q

what nerve innervates pectoralis major?

A

medial and lateral pectoral

50
Q

action of coracobrachialis

A

shoulder flexion, adduction

51
Q

what nerve innervates coracobrachialis

A

musculocutaneous

52
Q

action of pectoralis minor

A

draws scapula downward, rotates glenoid inferiorly, assists in respiration

53
Q

what nerve innervates pectoralis minor

A

medial pectoral

54
Q

action of subclavius

A

steadies clavicle

55
Q

what nerve innervates subclavius?

A

nerve to subclavius

56
Q

action of serratus anterior

A

medial rotation of scapula, protracts scapula, elevates ribs when shoulder is fixed, rotates scapula laterally

57
Q

what nerve innervates serratus anterior?

A

long thoracic

58
Q

action of supraspinatus

A

shoulder abduction

59
Q

nerve that innervates supraspinatus and infraspinatus

A

suprascapular

60
Q

action of infraspinatus

A

external rotation

61
Q

action of teres minor

A

external rotation

62
Q

never that innervates teres minor

A

axillary

63
Q

action of subscapularis

A

internal rotation of shoulder

64
Q

nerve that innervates subscapularis

A

upper and lower subscapular

65
Q

action of biceps brachii

A

elbow flexion and supination, shoulder flexion, acts as a stabilizer of humeral head during deltoid contraction, internal rotation and abduction of humerus

66
Q

nerve that innervates biceps brachii

A

musculocutaneous

67
Q

action of brachialis

A

elbow flexion

68
Q

nerve that innervates brachialis

A

musculocutaneous and radial

69
Q

action of triceps brachii

A

long head: shoulder extension and adduction

entire muscle: elbow extension

70
Q

nerve that innervates triceps brachii

A

radial

71
Q

action of anconeus

A

extends elbow and tightens the joint

72
Q

nerve that innervates anconeus

A

radial

73
Q

what nerve innervates the anterior compartment, flexors

A

median nerve

74
Q

action of pronator teres

A

pronation and weak elbow flexion

75
Q

action of flexor carpi radialis

A

wrist flexion, radial deviation, elbow flexion

76
Q

action of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

wrist flexion, ulnar deviation, elbow flexion

77
Q

action of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

flexion of middle and proximal phalanges, wrist and elbow flexion

78
Q

action of flexor digitorum profundus

A

finger flexion, wrist flexion

79
Q

action of flexor pollicis longus

A

thumb flexion, wrist flexion

80
Q

action of pronator quadratus

A

pronation

81
Q

what muscles are in the superficial group of the anterior compartment?

A

pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris

82
Q

what muscle is in the intermediate group of the anterior compartment?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

83
Q

what muscles are in the deep group of the anterior compartment?

A

flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus

84
Q

what nerve innervates the posterior compartment, extensors?

A

radial nerve

85
Q

what muscles make up the superficial group of the posterior compartment?

A

extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris

86
Q

what muscles make up the deep group of the posterior compartment

A

supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis

87
Q

action of extensor digitorum

A

extension of MCP joints, wrist extension

88
Q

action of extensor digiti minimi

A

extension and abduction of 5th finger, wrist extension

89
Q

action of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

wrist extension and ulnar deviation

90
Q

action of supinator

A

supination and elbow extension

91
Q

action of abductor pollicis longus

A

extends 1st metacarpal, wrist radial deviation

92
Q

action of extensor pollicis brevis

A

extension of proximal phalanx of thumb and radial deviation

93
Q

action of extensor pollicis longus

A

extends distal phalanx of thumb, extends first metacarpal, radial deviation, wrist extension

94
Q

action of extensor indicis

A

extends index finger and wrist

95
Q

action of extensor carpi radialis longus

A

wrist extension and radial deviation, elbow flexion

96
Q

action of extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

wrist extension and radial deviation, elbow flexion

97
Q

action of brachioradialis

A

elbow flexion, half pronation from supination and vice versa

98
Q

what tendons make up the anatomical snuffbox?

A

extensor pollicis longus tendon, abductor pollicis longus tendon, extensor pollicis brevis tendon

99
Q

action of lumbricals

A

flex digits at MCP joints, extend them at IP joints

100
Q

action of palmar interossei

A

adduct fingers toward middle finger

101
Q

action of dorsal interosssei

A

abduct fingers away from middle finger

102
Q

what innervates the deep part of flexor pollicis brevis?

A

ulnar nerve

103
Q

what innervates the superficial part of flexor pollicis brevis?

A

median nerve

anatomy (22 decks)

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