Microbio-bac Flashcards
What consititutes a gram positive bacteria
Thick, multilayered, peptodoglucan cell wall exterior to the membrane
What constitutes a gram negative bacteria
Has an outer membrane and inner cytoplasmic membrane
-peptidoglycan layer in between
-Outer layer distinguished by the presence of various embedded lipopolysaccharides
What are examples of beta lactam antibiotics and what do they target
penicillin and cephalosporins
-inhibit enzymes that catalyze traspeptidation and carboxypeptidation reactions in cell wall cross linking assembly
What are other antibacterials that limit cell wall synthesis
Bacitracin
Cycloserine
Vancomyocin (only gram pos)
What are the main two Gram Pos Cocci
Staphylococci
Streptococci
What are the main pathology of staphylococcus aureus
Usually impacts organism thru a break in the skin or insertion of a foreign body
What are the mc staphylococci aureus complications
Localized skin inf
Deep localized inf (osteomyelitis, septic arthritis)
Acute Endocarditis (IV drug use)
Staphylococcal gastroenteritis
What are some important streptococci to know (2)
(gram pos)
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus pneumonia
What are 3 common complications of a streptoccocus pyogenes inf
Acute pharyngitis- (strep throat), Characterized by purulent inflammation of tonsilar area
Impetigo- typically in children, causes lesions on the face/limbs
Acute rheumatic fever- 2/3 weeks after inf, cases by run bw antigens of heart and joint tissues
What are some common complications of strep pneumoniae (3)
Acute bac pneumonia
Otis media
Meningitis (MC cause)
What are the important gram pos rods (3)
Cornybacterium diptqheria
Bacillus anthracis
Listeria monocytogenes
What does corynebacterium diphtheriae cause
acute respiratory/ cutaneous disease
- Upper respiratory- grey exudate at back of throat
- Cutaneous diphtheria- puncture wound may create a non healing ulcer with grey membrane
What does bacillus anthracis cause (2)
- Cutaneous Anthrax- mc, papule forms and evolves into a malignant pustule, which may invade nearby lymph nodes leading to fatal septicaemia
- Pulmonary Anthrax- Inhaling of spores causing progressive hemorrhagic lymphadenitis
What is listeria monocytogenes found in and what complications does it cause
usually food borne (dairy products)
-septicamia and meningitis are the mc reported in pregnant women and may pass it onto their new-born at birth causing newborn meningitis
What are the 2 most important Neisseriae
Neisseriae gonorrhoea
Neisseria meningitides
What does Neusseria gonorrhoea cause (2)
(mc reported infectious disease)
1.GI- Presents with yellow, purulent urethral discharge and painful urination (can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease)
- Pharygitis- similar to strep throat, purulent exudate
What does neisseria meningitidis cause (2)
- Meningitis
- Septicaemia- characterized by large, purple blotchy skin hemorrhages, vomitting, diarrhea
What are the GI gram negative rods (7)
E coli
Salmonella enterica
Camplyobacter jejune
Shigella
Vibrios Cholerae
Yersinia enterocolitica
Helicobacter pylori
What are the main things that E coli cause
- Enterootoxigenic Ecoli (ETEC)
- Enteropathic Ecoli (EPEC)
3.Enterohemorrhagic Ecoli (EHEC) - UTI
- Neonatal Meningitis
What does Enterotoxigenic ecoli (ETEC) cause
mc form of travellers diarrhea which causes watery diarrhea
what does enteropathic ecoli cause (EPEC)
causes diarrhea of infants
What does enterohemorrhagic ecoli cause
severe bloody diarrhoea and may also cause renal failure