Chem- carbs Flashcards
What are the two forms of starch
Amylose (unbranched chains of glucose)
Amylopectin (Highly branched polymer of glucose)
What is sucrose made of
Glu + fructose
What is lactose made of
galactose and Glucose
Where is lactase secreted by
intestinal villi
Where is GLUT 1,2,3,4 found
1- RBC, brain
2-Beta cells in pancrease
3-neurons
4-mm, adipose `
What does glycolysis do
takes one 6 carbon glucose and breaks it down to two 3 carbon pyruvate
end result products
2 atp
2 Nadh
What are the 4 possible fates of pyruvate
oxidation- aeorobic- pyruvate is oxidized to acetylene CoA wihich enters Krebs (facilitated by pyruvate dehydrogenase)
Reduction- in anaerobic reactions pyruvate is converted to lactate in a step that produces NAD (facilitated by lactate dehydrogenase)
Carboxylation (pyruvate is converted to oxyaloacetate by pyruvate carboxylase)
What is gluconeogenesis
Denovo synthesis of glucose from non carb substates such as pyruvate
what 3 steps/ enzymes are changed in gluconeogenesis
step 1,3,10
- Glucokinase/hexokinase replaced by G6P
- Phosophructokinase replaced by Fructose16bisphospahte
- Pyruvate kinase replaced by pyruvate carboxylase
Where does glyconeogenesis done at
Liver
what is an essential vit for first step of gluconeogenesis
Vit B7 (biotin)
What is the energy use of gluconeogenesis
6ATP used to produce one new glucose molecule
