Microbe Growth Flashcards
What are the microbial modes of nutrition?
Photoautotroph
Photoheterotroph
Chemoautotroph
chemoheterotroph
How are microbial modes of nutrition named
how it gets its energy + how it gets its nutrients = mode of nutrition
What are macro nutrients?
H, C, O, N, Phosphorus, and sulfur
Example of Chemoheterotrophs
Saprobes
Parasites
Humans
Example of Photoautotrophs
Plants
Photosynthetic Bacteria
Are saprobes parasites?
No, Saprobes feed on dead organisms and parasites feed on the living
Hypertonic solution mean?
The water concentration is lower on the inside of the cell than the outside of the cell
Hypotonic solution means?
The water concentration is higher on the inside of the sell than the outside of the cell
Isotonic soultion means?
The water concentration inside the cell and outside the cell is equal
What happens when a cell is put in a hypertonic solution?
The H2O moves out of the cell and the cell shrinks
What happens when a cell is put in a hypotonic solution?
The H2O moves into the cell and the cell swells
What happens when a cell is put in an isotonic solution?
There is no net change
What happens to plant cells in a hyptonic solution
Plasmolysis
What happens to animal cells in a hypertonic solution
Lysis
Do plant cells lyse?
No, their plant walls protects them
What do bacteria use to break down food?
enzyme
Types of passive transport
Simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
Characteristics of Active transport
the transport against concentration gradients
The use of ATP
The presence of a pump or premeases
Types of Active Transport?
Carrier mediated active diffusion
Group translocation
Bulk transport
Types of bacteria based on temperature preference?
Hyperthermophile Thermophile Mesophile psychrotrophs psychrophile
How do microorganisms deal with oxygen?
Obligate aerobe Faculltative Anaerobe Aerotolerant Anaerobe Microaerophile Obligate anerobe
Physical factors that affect growth of microbes
pH Temperature Light/radiation Other organisms Osmotic Barometric pressure
What effects does cold have on micro organisms?
chem reactions and Diffusion slow
protein denaturing
membranes become rigid
What are the effects that heat has on microorganisms
Neuclic acids and proteins denature
potential sterilization
impairs metabolism
Osmophiles like what type of soultions? Why?
Hyoertonic Solution => high soulte content => high osmotic pressure
how can non photosynthetic be affectted by lights
They can damaged by the O2
What are microbe and host associations
Mutualism Parasitism Commensalism synergism Antagonism
Which microbe host associations are symbiotic
Parasitism
Commensalism
Mutualism
Which microbe host associations are nonsymbiotic
synergism
Antagonism
How do bacteria replicate?
Binary fission
What is the generation time of bacteria called?
Doubling time
What defines a bacterial generation?
the time it takes for the population to double through one round of binary fission
What are the stages of bacteria cell growth
Lag
Log
Staionary
Death
What happens during lag phase
the cell is getting used to environ and assessing resources
Characteristics of Lag phase
Cells dont divide Population is constant metabolically active cells grow larger protein synth cell repairs
What happens during Log phase
the cell beings to divide and the population increases exponentially
Charateristics of Log phase
Cell division
Exponential population growth
What phase does the equation represent
N = (N ) 2^n
t 0
Log phase
What does this equation find?
N = (N ) 2^n
t 0
The number of cells in a population at some time, t
N = (N ) 2^n means?
t 0
the cell population at any time equals the initial population times 2 raised to the number of passed generations
what happens during Stationary Phase
The cell population graphically steadies and becomes constant as cell birth and death become equal
Characteristics of Stationary phase
Cells divide = Cell death
Population constant
Metabolism slow
Why do cells die during stationary and death phase?
Accumulation of waste
Exhaustion of nutrients
What happens in Death phase?
The population of the cells decrease exponentially
Characteristics of death phase
cells divide
Population decline exponentially
Some bacteria survie
Why dont bacteria populations drop to 0 during death phase?
Some bacterial survive usually by sporulation
What causes sporulation
Dehydration
Low nutrients
What do microbes need to grow
Macro and micro nutrients
O2/CO2 balance
ideal temp and pH
ideal Osmotic pressure
