Microbe Growth

Question 1

What are the microbial modes of nutrition?

Answer 1

Photoautotroph
Photoheterotroph
Chemoautotroph
chemoheterotroph

Question 2

How are microbial modes of nutrition named

Answer 2

how it gets its energy + how it gets its nutrients = mode of nutrition

Question 3

What are macro nutrients?

Answer 3

H, C, O, N, Phosphorus, and sulfur

Question 4

Example of Chemoheterotrophs

Answer 4

Saprobes
Parasites
Humans

Question 5

Example of Photoautotrophs

Answer 5

Plants

Photosynthetic Bacteria

Question 6

Are saprobes parasites?

Answer 6

No, Saprobes feed on dead organisms and parasites feed on the living

Question 7

Hypertonic solution mean?

Answer 7

The water concentration is lower on the inside of the cell than the outside of the cell

Question 8

Hypotonic solution means?

Answer 8

The water concentration is higher on the inside of the sell than the outside of the cell

Question 9

Isotonic soultion means?

Answer 9

The water concentration inside the cell and outside the cell is equal

Question 10

What happens when a cell is put in a hypertonic solution?

Answer 10

The H2O moves out of the cell and the cell shrinks

Question 11

What happens when a cell is put in a hypotonic solution?

Answer 11

The H2O moves into the cell and the cell swells

Question 12

What happens when a cell is put in an isotonic solution?

Answer 12

There is no net change

Question 13

What happens to plant cells in a hyptonic solution

Answer 13

Plasmolysis

Question 14

What happens to animal cells in a hypertonic solution

Answer 14

Lysis

Question 15

Do plant cells lyse?

Answer 15

No, their plant walls protects them

Question 16

What do bacteria use to break down food?

Answer 16

enzyme

Question 17

Types of passive transport

Answer 17

Simple diffusion

facilitated diffusion

Question 18

Characteristics of Active transport

Answer 18

the transport against concentration gradients
The use of ATP
The presence of a pump or premeases

Question 19

Types of Active Transport?

Answer 19

Carrier mediated active diffusion
Group translocation
Bulk transport

Question 20

Types of bacteria based on temperature preference?

Answer 20

Hyperthermophile
Thermophile
Mesophile
psychrotrophs
psychrophile

Question 21

How do microorganisms deal with oxygen?

Answer 21

Obligate aerobe
Faculltative Anaerobe
Aerotolerant Anaerobe
Microaerophile
Obligate anerobe

Question 22

Physical factors that affect growth of microbes

Answer 22

pH
Temperature
Light/radiation
Other organisms
Osmotic 
Barometric pressure

Question 23

What effects does cold have on micro organisms?

Answer 23

chem reactions and Diffusion slow
protein denaturing
membranes become rigid

Question 24

What are the effects that heat has on microorganisms

Answer 24

Neuclic acids and proteins denature
potential sterilization
impairs metabolism

Question 25

Osmophiles like what type of soultions? Why?

Answer 25

Hyoertonic Solution => high soulte content => high osmotic pressure

Question 26

how can non photosynthetic be affectted by lights

Answer 26

They can damaged by the O2

Question 27

What are microbe and host associations

Answer 27

``` Mutualism Parasitism Commensalism synergism Antagonism ```

Question 28

Which microbe host associations are symbiotic

Answer 28

Parasitism Commensalism Mutualism

Question 29

Which microbe host associations are nonsymbiotic

Answer 29

synergism | Antagonism

Question 30

How do bacteria replicate?

Answer 30

Binary fission

Question 31

What is the generation time of bacteria called?

Answer 31

Doubling time

Question 32

What defines a bacterial generation?

Answer 32

the time it takes for the population to double through one round of binary fission

Question 33

What are the stages of bacteria cell growth

Answer 33

Lag Log Staionary Death

Question 34

What happens during lag phase

Answer 34

the cell is getting used to environ and assessing resources

Question 35

Characteristics of Lag phase

Answer 35

``` Cells dont divide Population is constant metabolically active cells grow larger protein synth cell repairs ```

Question 36

What happens during Log phase

Answer 36

the cell beings to divide and the population increases exponentially

Question 37

Charateristics of Log phase

Answer 37

Cell division | Exponential population growth

Question 38

What phase does the equation represent N = (N ) 2^n t 0

Answer 38

Log phase

Question 39

What does this equation find? N = (N ) 2^n t 0

Answer 39

The number of cells in a population at some time, t

Question 40

N = (N ) 2^n means? | t 0

Answer 40

the cell population at any time equals the initial population times 2 raised to the number of passed generations

Question 41

what happens during Stationary Phase

Answer 41

The cell population graphically steadies and becomes constant as cell birth and death become equal

Question 42

Characteristics of Stationary phase

Answer 42

Cells divide = Cell death Population constant Metabolism slow

Question 43

Why do cells die during stationary and death phase?

Answer 43

Accumulation of waste | Exhaustion of nutrients

Question 44

What happens in Death phase?

Answer 44

The population of the cells decrease exponentially

Question 45

Characteristics of death phase

Answer 45

cells divide Population decline exponentially Some bacteria survie

Question 46

Why dont bacteria populations drop to 0 during death phase?

Answer 46

Some bacterial survive usually by sporulation

Question 47

What causes sporulation

Answer 47

Dehydration | Low nutrients

Question 48

What do microbes need to grow

Answer 48

Macro and micro nutrients O2/CO2 balance ideal temp and pH ideal Osmotic pressure