Antibiotics and Resistance Flashcards
what is the difference between antibiotics and antimicrobials?
Antibiotics attack processes
Antimicrobials attack structures
Why do antibiotics not work on spores?
Antibiotics does not work on spores because they have no processes
“No progress, no action” applies to what?
Antibiotics
The goal of Antibiotics
drugs that kill the the pathogen, not harm the host
how are antibiotics described?
by origin
effectivity range
mode of synthesis: chem or organic
What must be known before antimicrobial therapy can begin
The nature of the pathogen
Microbial sensitivity
Condition of the patient
how is microbe susceptibility tested?
Kirby-Bauer technique
how to determine therapeutic Index
toxic dose / MIn. Inhibitory Concentration
What does a small TI ratio mean?
there is a greater potential for toxic drug reactions
What does a larger TI ratio mean?
there is less potential for toxic drug reaction
antibiotic modes of action
prevents the cell from forming a cell wall or cell membrane
prevents protein synthesis
prevents nucleic acid synthesis
prevents folic acid synthesis
What is the spectrum of antibiotic activity
Broad spectrum
narrow spectrum
Is broad spectrum or narrow spectrum drugs more effective?
Broad spectrum
effective against multiple groups and can be used for multiple treatments
How do antibiotics affect biofilms?
Biofilms are not susceptible to antibiotics
Why is the risk of host harm higher with antifungals?
Human tissue and fungal tissue are similar so drugs that attack fungi could also attack human tissue
