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MicroB: Microbes Growth, Control, Treatment, Epidemiology > Microbe Epidemiology Vocab > Flashcards

Microbe Epidemiology Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Disease

A

any deviation from health

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2
Q

Infectious disease

A

the disruption of tissue/organs caused by microbes or their products

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3
Q

Microbial Antagonism

A

the inhibiting effect that normal biota have on invading microbes

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4
Q

Pathogenicity

A

an organism’s potential to cause disease

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5
Q

True pathogens

A

causes disease in healthy hosts

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6
Q

opportunistic Pathognes

A

causes disease in immunocompromised hosts or when they establish in a part of the body that is not natural to them

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7
Q

Virulence

A

the degree of pathogenicity

relative severity of disease caused by a microorganism

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8
Q

Virulence factors

A

characteristic that aid pathogen in causing disease

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9
Q

Antiphagocytic factors

A

allows some pathogens to evade phagocytes

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10
Q

Leuocidins

A

substances toxic to white blood cells

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11
Q

Exogenous infections

A

infectious agents that originate outside the body

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12
Q

Endogenous infections

A

infectious agents that originate inside the body

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13
Q

Infectious dose

A

The minimum number of of pathogens required for infection to occur

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14
Q

Signs

A

changes in pathology that are viewable by an observer

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15
Q

Symptoms

A

changes in pathology as a seen by the patient

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16
Q

Adhesion

A

the process by which microbes gain a more stable foothold on host tissues

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17
Q

exotoxins

A

proteins with a strong cel specificity and effect

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18
Q

Endotoxin

A

liposaccharide excreted from gram negative cells

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19
Q

Latency

A

the retreat of a pathogen to a dormant state

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20
Q

sequelae

A

form of long-term permanent damage to tissues or organs

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21
Q

Reservoirs

A

primary habitat in the natrual world that pathogen originates

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22
Q

Transmitter

A

host or thing that the infection is acquired from

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23
Q

Carrier

A

an individual who unknowingly shelters a pathogen and spreads it to oithers with any notice

24
Q

Asympotmatic carrier state

A

infected but show no signs

25
Q

incubating carrier state

A

spread infection during incubation period

26
Q

convalescent carrier state

A

recoverinf patient without symptoms , shed viable microbes

27
Q

Chronic carrier state

A

chelter infectious agents due to latency of agent

28
Q

passive carrier state

A

health care associate that transfers the pathogen to other patients

29
Q

Zoonosis

A

infection indigenous to animals but naturally transmissible to human, the result of animal reservoirs

30
Q

Incidence

A

measures the number of NEW CASES over a certain time period

31
Q

Prevalnce

A

the number of existing cases with respect to the entire population

32
Q

Epidemiology

A

Involves the study of the frequency and distribution of disease and other health-related factors in defined populations

33
Q

point-source

A

single source peak with gradual decline from single infection

34
Q

Common source

A

common exposure to a single source of infection that occurs over a period of time

35
Q

Propagated epidemic

A

results from an infectious agents that is communicable from person to person and sustains over time in a population

36
Q

Koch’s Postulates

A

a test to prove the causative agent

37
Q

Vertical modes of transmission

A

transmission from parent to offspring via sperm/egg, placenta, or milk

38
Q

Horizontal modes of transmission

A

spread from one infected person to another

39
Q

Direct transmission

A

horizontal infection where infected comes in contact with skin or mucous of the infectee

40
Q

Indirect transmission

A

agent goes from host to intermediate to infectee

41
Q

Fomite

A

inanimate object

42
Q

Vehicle

A

natural, nonliving transmitter

43
Q

Incubation

A

The time from initial infection and the appearance of the first symptom

44
Q

Prodome

A

the earliest notable symptoms

45
Q

Convalescent

A

recovery, patient becomes stronger

46
Q

Nephrotoxic

A

toxin that affects the kidneys

47
Q

Enterotoxin

A

toxin that affect the intestines

48
Q

Hemotoxin

A

toxin that affect red blood cell

49
Q

Neurotoxin

A

toxin that affect nervous system

50
Q

Localized infection

A

microbes enter the body, remain confined to a specific tissue

51
Q

Systemic infection

A

infection spreads to several sites and tissue fluids

52
Q

Focal incfection

A

infectious agents spread from local sites and is carried to other tissues

53
Q

Mixed infections

A

Several agents establish themselves simultaneously at the infection site

54
Q

Primary infection

A

the intial infection

55
Q

ACUTE infections

A

infection that comes on quickly and severely but is brief

56
Q

Chronic infection

A

infection that progresses and persists over a long period of time

MicroB: Microbes Growth, Control, Treatment, Epidemiology (9 decks)

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