Micro quiz 1

Question 1

Explain the difference between DNA an RNA

Answer 1

DNA: double stranded; deoxyribose sugar; sequences are A/G & T/C ; and its a genetic material that is in all cells and DNA Viruses

RNA: single stranded, ribose sugar; sequences are A/G & U/C; a protien synthesis in all cells and genetic material in RNA Viruses.

Question 2

Define a Histone

Answer 2

Archeal DNA wrapped around globular proteins

Question 3

T or F: Plasmids replicate independently and carry information that is required for their own replication

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

Fertility Plasmids:

Answer 4

carry instructions for coagulation, which is a process where some bacterial cells transfer DNA to other bacterial cells.

Question 5

Resistence Plasmids

Answer 5

carry genes of resistance to one or more antimicrobial drugs or heavy metals

Question 6

Bacterium Plasmids

Answer 6

carry genes for bacteriocins which are toxins that kill bacterial cells of the same species that lack plasmids

Question 7

Virulence Plasmids

Answer 7

Carry instructions for structures, enzymes and toxins of bacteria to become pathogenic.

Question 8

Define the differences between a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell

Answer 8

Eukaryotic: nucleas, and linear in shape ; also has diploids ( two copies of each chromosome
Prokaryotic: no nuclues; circular in shape ; haploids : one copy of each chromosome

Question 9

Haploid Genomes consists of:
A) Chromosomal DNA
B) Extrachromosomal DNA
C) A and B
D) Prokaryotic genomes

Answer 9

C

Question 10

Are DNA molecules of the mitochondria and chloroplasts

A: LINEAR or B: Circular

Answer 10

B: they are circular like prokaryotic cells
(they are extracellular cells and they are considered eukaryotic, but they are similar in shape to the prokaryotic cells. )

Question 11

Central Dogma:

Answer 11

process of genetics when DNA is transcribed to RNA which then is translated to form polypeptides

Question 12

Is transcription 
A) copying process
B) synthesizing process
C) pasting process
D) Process process

Answer 12

A

Question 13

Whats a phenotype? and what influences it?

Answer 13

the physical features and functional traits: influenced by a genotype

Question 14

What determines a phenotype?
A) polypeptide
B)genome
C) chromosome
D) genotype

Answer 14

D

Question 15

Define translation

Answer 15

Synthesizing process; where RNA molecules in ribosomes synthesize to polypeptides

Question 16

Define all the types of RNA

Answer 16

RNA primer: primes the DNA for replication
mRNA: carrys the genetic information from chromosome to the ribosome
rRNA: combine with ribosomal polypeptides to form ribosomes
tRNA: deliver the correct amino acids to ribosomes based on the sequence of nucleotides mRNA sent..
Regulatory RNA: regulates with DNA to manage gene expression

Question 17

Explain the central dogma process.. in simple forms.

Answer 17

DNA(the information storage —> TRANSCRIPTION —-> RNA (information carrier) —> Translation —> Protiens and polypeptides are created —> PHENOTYPES