Immune System Part 1 Flashcards
Define Immunology
Study of the bodies specific defense against pathogens
Why and How do microbes help us more then they harm us?
they take up space
assist in microbial antagonism
protect us from autoimmune diseases, and allergies
boost our immune system
true or false: microbes bind to T cells and stimulate them to divide
true :)
Explain why people that live in the country have less allergies then citidiots
City ppl havent been really exposed to allergens alot, so they are more likely to develop the allergies.
Country hicks have built up an immunity because of the constant exposure
What is microbial antagonism?
the competition between normal microbes and pathogens for nutrients and space -
limits the ability of pathogens to colonize on skin and mucous membranes
What do viruses do for the immune system?
Activate the immune system in order to fight the disease
example: vaccines (introduce the pathogen) - smallpox eridicated by vaccine from manipulation and activation of the immune system
What do bacteria and the immune system do for eachother?
synnergism between the antibiotics and immune system! = they work together
Explain the importance of the balance between infection and immunity
balance between infection and immunity means that there is NO DISEASE
What happens when the balance of immunity and infection is thrown off?
if the balance is disrupted (too much pathogen, too much immunity action) it means that there is DISEASE
What can cause a decrease in immunity?
immunosupression:
HIV, Organ recipient, cancer treatment, infections
What can cause an increase in immunity?
allergies, autoimmune diseases, acute inflammation (sepsis), cytokine storm, and chornic inflammation (cancer)
-this is not always a good thing!!!
What can cause an over excited or insufficient adaptive immune system?
Allergies
Autoimmune disorders
Hypersensitivity
Immune deficiencies
Breifly describe what our immune system is made up of?
1- anatomical/psychological barriers (low stomach pH, intact skin, lysozyme)
2- innate immunity
3- adaptive/specific immunity
What are the first and second line defenses made up of? and what do they create?
1st line: normally composed of external physical barriers
2nd line: internal and composed of protective cells, blood borne chemicals and processes that inactivate or kill invaders
-they create the INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM (NON SPECIFIC)
what is the innate immune system?
rapid and works agsinst a wide variety of pathogens
What makes up the third line defence system?
Adaptive immunity: responds against a unique specific species or strains of pathogens and alters the body defence system so they act more effectivley upon subsequent infection with the specific strain
Anatomical Barriers: describe what the skin does for the immune system
intact skin contains normal flora and a physiological barrieres
- flushing from sweat (contains salt, antimicrobial peptides and lysozyme)
- Sebecous glands: -secrets sebum that contains fatty acids (lowers skin pH to 5 which inhibits microbial growth)
Describe what the GI system does for the immune system
- Provides vitamins
- lysozyme from salvia
- Stomach acid (low pH)
- Peristalsis
- Bile
- Deification and Vommiting
Describe waht the nasopharynx and eyes do for the immune system?
trachea contains goblet cells that trap bacteria
mucous, saliva and tears that contain lysozyme
flushing
cilia
What so lysozyme do??
Destroys bacterial cells by cutting between NAG and NAM so it prevents the formation of peptidoglycan
therefore –> destroys the cell walls and makes them more susceptible to osmotic pressure and phagocytic digestion
What is the difference between Innate and Adaptive
Innate: immediate and within hour speed, no immunologic memory (cant recognize past pathogens) and specifity is limited (ONE cell can recognize MANY pathogens)
Adaptive: effects are after a few hours, has a state of immunologic memory- which is always there after the first exposure; becomes faster and stronger, it extremely specific; ONE cell can recognize ONE pathogen)
does a vaccine fall under innate or adaptive immunity?
ADAPTIVE
