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Microbiology > Micro Final D1 > Flashcards

Micro Final D1 Flashcards

1
Q

Meningococcal Meningitis - Scientific Name

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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2
Q

Meningococcal Meningitis - Type of Pathogen

A

Gram-negative bacterium (prokaryotic)

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3
Q

Meningococcal Meningitis - Transmission Routes

A

Respiratory droplets, close personal contact, nasal/oral mucosa

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4
Q

Meningococcal Meningitis - Risk Groups

A

Infants, adolescents, college students, immunocompromised, travelers to endemic regions

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5
Q

Meningococcal Meningitis - Signs and Symptoms

A

Sudden fever, severe headache, stiff neck, photophobia, petechial rash

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6
Q

Meningococcal Meningitis - Virulence Factors

A

Polysaccharide capsule, pili, lipooligosaccharide (LOS), IgA protease

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7
Q

Meningococcal Meningitis - Treatment

A

Immediate antibiotics (ceftriaxone, penicillin G), supportive care

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8
Q

Meningococcal Meningitis - Prevention

A

Vaccination (MenACWY, MenB), prophylactic antibiotics for close contacts

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9
Q

Polio - Scientific Name

A

Poliovirus (types 1, 2, 3)

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10
Q

Polio - Type of Pathogen

A

RNA virus (non-enveloped,Enterovirus)

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11
Q

Polio - Transmission Routes

A

Fecal-oral route, rarely respiratory droplets

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12
Q

Polio - Risk Groups

A

Unvaccinated children, travelers to endemic areas, immunocompromised

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13
Q

Polio - Signs and Symptoms

A

Asymptomatic (90%), mild flu-like symptoms, paralytic polio (1%)

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14
Q

Polio - Virulence Factors

A

Capsid proteins, neurotropism (targets motor neurons)

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15
Q

Polio - Treatment

A

No cure; supportive care (ventilation, physical therapy)

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16
Q

Polio - Prevention

A

Vaccination (IPV, OPV), improved sanitation/hygiene

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17
Q

PAM - Scientific Name

A

Naegleria fowleri

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18
Q

PAM - Type of Pathogen

A

Free-living amoeba (eukaryotic protozoan)

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19
Q

PAM - Transmission Routes

A

Nasal exposure to warm freshwater (lakes, hot springs)

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20
Q

PAM - Risk Groups

A

Healthy individuals engaging in freshwater activities

21
Q

PAM - Signs and Symptoms

A

Headache, fever, stiff neck, confusion, seizures, rapid death

22
Q

PAM - Virulence Factors

A

Trophozoites phagocytose brain tissue, enzymes degrade host cells

23
Q

PAM - Treatment

A

Amphotericin B + miltefosine (>97% fatality)

24
Q

PAM - Prevention

A

Avoid nasal contact with warm freshwater, use nose clips

25
Q

Toxoplasmosis - Scientific Name

A

Toxoplasma gondii

26
Q

Toxoplasmosis - Type of Pathogen

A

Obligate intracellular protozoan (Apicomplexa)

27
Q

Toxoplasmosis - Transmission Routes

A

Undercooked meat, cat feces, congenital

28
Q

Toxoplasmosis - Risk Groups

A

Pregnant women, immunocompromised (HIV/AIDS)

29
Q

Toxoplasmosis - Signs and Symptoms

A

Asymptomatic/mild flu-like, congenital defects, retinochoroiditis

30
Q

Toxoplasmosis - Virulence Factors

A

Tissue cysts, modulates host immune response

31
Q

Toxoplasmosis - Treatment

A

Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine (severe cases)

32
Q

Toxoplasmosis - Prevention

A

Cook meat thoroughly, avoid cat litter during pregnancy

33
Q

Rabies - Scientific Name

A

Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)

34
Q

Rabies - Type of Pathogen

A

Enveloped RNA virus (Rhabdoviridae)

35
Q

Rabies - Transmission Routes

A

Bite from infected animal, open wounds/mucous membranes

36
Q

Rabies - Risk Groups

A

Unvaccinated individuals, veterinarians, travelers to endemic areas

37
Q

Rabies - Signs and Symptoms

A

Fever, hydrophobia, agitation, paralysis, near 100% fatality

38
Q

Rabies - Virulence Factors

A

Neurotropism, glycoproteins evade immune detection

39
Q

Rabies - Treatment

A

Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP): vaccine + immunoglobulin

40
Q

Rabies - Prevention

A

Vaccinate pets/wildlife, pre-exposure vaccination for high-risk groups

41
Q

Leprosy - Scientific Name

A

Mycobacterium leprae

42
Q

Leprosy - Type of Pathogen

A

Acid-fast bacterium (obligate intracellular)

43
Q

Leprosy - Transmission Routes

A

Prolonged close contact, zoonotic (armadillos)

44
Q

Leprosy - Risk Groups

A

Close contacts of infected individuals, immunocompromised

45
Q

Leprosy - Signs and Symptoms

A

Hypopigmented skin lesions, nerve damage, deformities

46
Q

Leprosy - Virulence Factors

A

Mycolic acid, phenolic glycolipid-1 (PGL-1)

47
Q

Leprosy - Treatment

A

Multidrug therapy (MDT): dapsone + rifampin + clofazimine

48
Q

Leprosy - Prevention

A

Early diagnosis/treatment, no effective vaccine

Microbiology (21 decks)

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