micro final

Question 1

the most common cause of aseptic meningitis is ?

Answer 1

viral meningitis

Question 2

what are the non-infectious causes of aseptic meningitis?

Answer 2

drug induced
neoplasms
neuro-sarcoidosis
RA 
SLE
vasculitis

Question 3

which type of herpes virus is considered a common cause of aseptic meningitis

Answer 3

herpes simplex virus 2

Question 4

brain abscess is formed from

Answer 4

cerebritis

Question 5

describe subdural empyema

Answer 5

rapid progression
mostly due to sinusitis
mostly in young MALES
most common focal neurological deficit is : contralateral hemiplegia or hemiparesis

Question 6

if there is a suspicion of Bacteroide infection we should give

Answer 6

metronidazole

Question 7

in brain abscess and SDE the microorganism is collected from ?

Answer 7

craniotomy of burr hole NOT from CSF

Question 8

describe epidural abscess

Answer 8

slow progression
mostly due to craniotomy and cranial fractures and nearby infected bone ( hematogenous) spread is rare
focal neurological deficits are rare

Question 9

true or false

in suppurative intracranial thrombophlebitis the thrombosis may expand from one sinus to other sinuses .

Answer 9

true, usually at autopsy, thrombosis of different histologic ages can be detected in several sinuses

note: suppurative intracranial thrombophlebitis is can also be caused by skin infections on the face.

Question 10

treatment of suppurative intracranial thrombophlebitis?

Answer 10

The primary infection must be treated and regarding the thrombus, it is treated with removal of infected tissue and thrombus, and then antibiotics and hydration.

note: in the MRI of SITP decreased blood flow in affected veins is seen

Question 11

which is more common meningitis or encephalitis

Answer 11

meningitis is more common

Question 12

true or false

meningitis is most commonly due bacterial infection while encephalitis is most commonly due to viral infections.

Answer 12

true, the main viral infection is HSV1 (causes sporadic encephalitis), it commonly infects the temporal lobe.

Question 13

signs and symptoms of encephalitis

Answer 13

1) altered level of consciousness (hallucinations, agitations , behavioral changes)
2) decrease level of consciousness
3) focal or diffuse neurologic symptoms
4) focal or generalized seizures

Question 14

the most common cause of encephalitis is?

Answer 14

unknown causes

Question 15

the cause of epidemics in encephalitis is?

Answer 15

arboviruses (west Nile virus)

Question 16

true or false
rabies cause hyperexcitability which are usually followed by period of lucidity and as the disease progresses their period become shorter

Answer 16

true

Question 17

true or false

in advanced cases rabies leads to rapid dysfunction of the spinal cord and coma which is followed by death

Answer 17

true

Question 18

what is the histologic manifestation that appears in rabies

Answer 18

Negri bodies ( they are pathognomonic to rabies)

Question 19

the primary diagnostic method for encephalitis is

Answer 19

CSF PCR

Question 20

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies is caused by?

Answer 20

prion proteins

Question 21

variant CJD can be acquired by

Answer 21

eating from a cow affected by Madcow disease

Question 22

signs of CJD

Answer 22

1) rapidly progressive dementia
2) rigidity
3) agitation and mood swings
4) MYOCLONUS

Question 23

true or false

the only way to confirm a diagnosis of CJD is by brain biopsy

Answer 23

true

Question 24

true or false

myelitis can be caused by late stages of syphilis (Treponema pallidum)

Answer 24

true