Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CNS > anatomy final > Flashcards

anatomy final Flashcards

1
Q

true or false

neurons do not contain centrioles

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

true or false

axons contain both neurofibrils and Nissl bodies

A

false, it contains only neurofibrils

dendrites contain both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how many types of nerve regeneration are there ?

A

2 types
anterograde
retrograde

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

true or false

cranial ganglia’s are both parasympathetic and sensory ganglia’s

A

false, it is only parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the origin of microglia

A

bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the 2 types of astrocytes?

A 
fibrous astrocyte (long processes , inside white matter)
protoplasmic astrocyte (short process , gray matter)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the insula plays a role in ?

A

taste and autonomic function of slow pain(sweating and tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

limbic system plays a role in?

A

sexual, behavioral , emotional function

and it also has a role in olfaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the limbic system is made of?

A

subcallosal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, para-hippocampal gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the function of the gyrus rectus?

A

it has a role in the sexual function

note :it is continuous with the superior frontal gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe the collateral sulcus?

A

it is below and parallel to the calcarine sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

describe the rhinal sulcus?

A

separates the uncus from the temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the functions of the inferior lobe tentorial gyri?

A

Para hippocampal gyrus= recent and short memory
uncus= contains the amygdala; function: has a role in olfaction and sensation of fear, so functionally it is related to the limbic system
fusiform: face recognition
LOT : location recognition memory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what area is the frontal eye field and where is it found

A

it is area 8 and it is found in the frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the location of the motor action of the anal sphincter in the cerebral cortex ?

A

primary motor area, on the superior and curving into medial surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the functions of pre-motor area?

A

1) storage of motor programs
2) INVOLUNTARY coordination of the COARSE movement of axial muscles
3) inhibitory action to the muscle tone
4) sends afferent fibers to PMA
5) also sends some pyramidal fibers

note: it receives afferent fibers from 1)thalamus 2) cerebellum 3)basal ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the functions of SMA

A

1) postural stabilization
2) coordination of the movement of both sides of the body
3) the control of sequences of movement

note: lesions in this area will be not definite, because the pre-motor area covers for it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

describe the frontal eye field

A

it is located in the middle gyrus (area number 8), In front of area number 6
function: VOULUNTARY tracking of movement on the opposite side
lesion : will cause the eyes to move to the same side of the lesion

note: in the occipital lobe there is the occipital eye field which is responsible for the involuntary tracking of movement on the opposite side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

describe Broca’s area

A

area 44,45 . it is located in the inferior frontal lobe.
function: coordination of muscles of larynx, mouth,
tongue and palate to produce fluid speech.

note: it is connected to Wernicke’s area through arcuate fibers
lesion: causes motor aphasia, (non-fluent aphasia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

a lesion in the PSA will cause?

A

contralateral hemianesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are is sensory association area

A

area 5 and 7

lesion will cause Astereognosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

lesions of the visual cortex

A

lesion in area 17: contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing
lesion in area 18/19 : visual agnosia and color blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

describe the primary auditory area

A

area 41 and 42 ,receive impulses from both ears (both ears are represented on it) . located in the superior temporal gyrus

lesion will cause a hearing deficit mainly in the opposite ear.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

describe the auditory association area?

A

area 22. the back of the superior temporal gyrus, along with Wernicke’s area (area’s 22, 39, 40),
lesion will lead to auditory agnosia

note: the rest of the temporal lobe is related to memory (remember the para hippocampal, the fusiform and the inferior temporal lobe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

describe each of vestibular area, gustatory area, olfactory area

A

vestibular area: the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus
gustatory area: inferior part of the post-central gyrus (area 43) + insula
olfactory area: uncus (piriform area) +para-hippocampal gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

which area is responsible for judgment, FORESIGHT and personality

A

visual association area

note : the main area responsible for the judgment and the personality is the prefrontal association area ( 9,10,11,12); a lesion in this area will cause psychological and neurological disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

sensory language area ? (also known as Wernicke area)

A

they are area’s 22,39,40, found in both temporal and parietal lobe. note: area 39 is known as angular gyrus, area 40 is known as supramarginal gyrus

very important note: they receive both visual and auditory sensation,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

distinguish between agnosia, apraxia ,aphasia

A

aphasia: motor and sensory aphasia, global aphasia, conduction aphasia
agnosia: visual and auditory agnosia
apraxia: lesion in area number 6 OR IN THE POSTERIOR PARIETAL LOBE, can also be due to split brain syndrome(cut of the corpus callosum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

the uncinate fasciculus and the cingulum bundle connect between what and what

A

uncinate fasciculus connects between frontal and temporal lobes
the cingulum bundle connects between frontal, parietal and temporal lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

piriform fossa

A

has a role in smell and in fast acute pain the 2 fossae are connected together by the anterior commissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

the function of the habenular commissure

A

connect the two amygdaloid nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

true or false

the fornix is part of the limbic system

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

describe the fornix

A

the posterior part of the fornix ( crura ) is formed from the hippocampus and the anterior horn of the fornix forms the mammillary body (which is the nucleus of the hypothalamus) the fornix commissure( hippocampal commissure ) connects both fornices

note: the crura arches around the posterior surface of the thalamus
note: you must differentiate between the para-hippocampal gyrus and the hippocampus , as the para-hippocampal gyrus is connected to the cingulate gyrus while the hippocampus form the crura of the fornix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

true or false

the corpus callosum connects all parts of the cerebral cortex

A

false, all parts except a small part in the TEMPORAL lobe which is connected by the anterior commissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

corpus callosum

A

forceps minor originate from the genu and connects the frontal lobes
forceps major originate from the splenium and connects the occipital lobes
tapetum :connect the rest

36
Q

true or false

all the corpus callosum parts are supplied by the anterior cerebral artery

A

false, the posterior part is supplied by the posterior cerebral artery

37
Q

what are the type of radiations which arise from the thalamus ?

A

1) sensory radiation -> to area 3,1,2 -> from the posterior-lateral-ventral nucleus( PLVNT)
2) anterior thalamic radiation -> to the cingulate gyrus -> from the anterior thalamic nucleus (have to do with the limbic system)
3) visual radiation (posterior thalamic radiation) -> from the LGN to area 17
4) auditory radiation (inferior thalamic radiation) -> from the MGN to area 41, 42

38
Q

name the projection fiber coming from the cortex

A

1) pyramidal
2) extrapyramidal
3) cortico-Ponto-cerebellar tract
4) cortico-thalamic tract

39
Q

describe the contents of the arms of the internal capsule

A

anterior arm-> motor : cortico-Ponto-cerebellar tract
sensory: anterior thalamic radiation
genu: corticobulbar
posterior arm-> motor(anterior part) : pyramidal tracts
sensory(posterior part) : sensory radiation
retro lentiform-> sensory: visual radiation( posterior thalamic radiation)
sub lentiform-> sensory: auditory radiation(inferior thalamic radiation)

40
Q

what is the function of the basal ganglia

A 
postural control
voluntary control of movement:
 -Initiation of movement.
- Change from one pattern to another.
- Learning skill (singing, drawing)
- Programming and correcting movement while in
progress.
41
Q

true or false

Thalamus has a medial relationship with BG.

A

true

42
Q

what are the parts of the basal ganglia

A

1) striatum(caudate nucleus + putamen)
2) lentiform nucleus( putamen = Globus pallidus)
3) subthalamic nuclei
4) substania nigra
5) amygdala
6) claustrum

43
Q

the central body of the lateral ventricle extends from to

A

from the interventricular duct to the splenium of corpus callosum

44
Q

the interventricular foramen is located ?

A

anterior to the thalamus and posterior to the anterior horn of the fornix

45
Q

what does the trigone contain

A

it contains the glomus(choroid plexus tuft)

46
Q

true or false
the choroid plexus enters through the caudate fissure which is between the fornix superiorly and the thalamus inferiorly , it enters through the MEDIAL wall

A

true

47
Q

true or false
Stria terminalis between thalamus and caudate related to limbic system (it has a pathway connects between amygdala and ventral nucleus of the hypothalamus) .

A

true

48
Q

true or false

the tapetum form the roof and the medial wall of the posterior horn of the lateral ventricles

A

false, it forms the roof and the LATERAL wall

note: the tapetum also forms the lateral wall of the inferior horn

49
Q

the choroid plexus is made of?

A

tela choroida :two layers of pia matter covered by

ependymal cells .

50
Q

the lamina terminalis is between

A

the optic chiasm and the anterior horn

51
Q

what is the Tuber cinereum

A

it is one the nuclei of the hypothalamus and it holds the infundibulum of the pituitary glands

52
Q

describe the lateral recesses

A

curve around the inferior cerebellar peduncle & open by lateral apertures in the subarachnoid space at the flocculus.

53
Q

true or false
Anterior + posterior cerebral artery ->
lateral ventricle/ Posterior cerebral artery -> 3rd
ventricle/ Posterior inferior cerebellar artery ->
4th ventricle

A

true

54
Q

true or false
choroid plexuses in the medial wall of the
lateral ventricles & the roof of the 3rd & 4th
ventricles

A

true

55
Q

the blood brain barrier is formed from

A

endothelial layer with tight junctions
thick basement membrane
astrocytes

56
Q

the BBB exists in all parts of the brain except

A

hypothalamus,

pineal gland, and area postrema

57
Q

the posterior notch of the cerebellum is known as

A

vallecula; it contains the flex cerebelli

58
Q

what is the smallest unit of the cerebellum called

A

folia

59
Q

the most anterior part of the superior vermis is ?

A

lingula

60
Q

very very very very important note: all the fibers from the fastigial nucleus give BILATERAL excitatory fibers

A

ok

61
Q

a lesion in the paleocerebellar is tested by

A

heel shin test

62
Q

a lesion in the neocerebellar is tested by

A

finger to nose test.

63
Q

true or false

the anterior thalamic group sends fibers to the cingulate gyrus

A

true

64
Q

what are the functions of the hypothalamus ?

A

1) homeostasis
2) limbic function
3) autonomic function
4) endocrine control

65
Q

what is the function of the epithalamus?

A

plays a role in the limbic system , plays a role in the smell pathway
secretes melatonin
control the pituitary gland through the hypothalamus

66
Q

what are the nuclei of the subthalamus ?

A

1) subthalamic nuclei
2) substantia nigra and red nuclei
3) zona increta

67
Q

the anterior and posterior neuropores are obliterated on which days

A

days 25 and 27 respectively

68
Q

true or false

the neuroblasts in the intermediate zone give rise to the astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia

A

false

the microglia is derived from the mesenchyme

69
Q

true or false

the roof plate is dorsal while the floor plate is ventral

A

true

70
Q

the groove that appears in the lateral wall is known as?

A

sulcus limitans

71
Q

at birth the spinal cord is at the level of ?

A

L3

72
Q

at what months does the resorption of the roof of the medulla oblongata occur ?

A

at the 4th and 5th months , forming lateral foramina of Luschka, and a median foramen of Magendie.

73
Q

what does each of the alar , basal and marginal palates form in the midbrain

A

the alar form the tectum
basal palate forms the motor nuclei of the tegmentum (in general the tegmentum)
the marginal forms the crus cerebri

74
Q

what does each of the anterior and posterior wall of the roof palate of the diencephalon form
and what does the floor of the diencephalon form

A

the anterior part of the roof forms: the choroid plexus of the 3rd ventricle
the posterior part forms: the pineal gland
the floor forms the posterior part of the pituitary gland

75
Q

what layer of the cerebral hemispheres form the BG

A

the mantel layer

76
Q

circle of Willis is protected by

A

the interpeduncular cisterna

77
Q

what are the boundaries for the circle of willis?

A

anterior: the optic chiasm
posteriorly: the upper part of the pons
anterolaterally : the optic tract
posterolateral: the crus cerebri

78
Q

what are the contents of the interpeduncular cisterna

A

circle of willis
posterior perforated substance
oculomotor nerve
tuber cinereum +infundibulum

79
Q

what are the branches of the internal carotid artery?

A

1) anterior and middle cerebral arteries
2) anterior choroidal artery
3) posterior communicating artery
4) ophthalmic artery
5) anterior pituitary artery

80
Q

what is the other name for the anterior cerebral artery

A

medial striate artery

81
Q

true or false

all parts of the corpus callosum are supplied by the ACA

A

false, the splenium is supplied by the PCA

82
Q

the putamen is supplied by which artery

A

ACA

83
Q

the midbrain is supplied by ?

A

posterior cerebral artery

84
Q

the temporal pole of the tentorial surface is supplied by?

A

the middle cerebral artery

85
Q

what is the name of the branch of the middle cerebral artery that is supplies the posterior limb of the internal capsule

A

Charcot artery of the cerebral hemorrhage

CNS (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions