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Pathology > Micro > Flashcards

Micro Flashcards

1
Q

Name the flaviviridae viruses

A

Hep C

West nile, Dengue, Zika, Yellow fever, St Louis & Japanese encephalitis

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2
Q

Name cell line used to grow Enterovirus

A

Primary Monkey Kidney

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3
Q

Name the season for Enterovirus

A

Summer Fall

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4
Q

Give example of Enteroviruses

A

SS RNA

Polio

Coxsackie A

Coxsackie B - Myocarditis

Enterovirus

Echovirus

Rhinovirus

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5
Q

Name the season for Rota virus

A

Winter

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6
Q

Name 2 Non enveloped ssDNA virus

A

Parvoviridae - Parvovirus B19

Bocavirus

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7
Q

Name 3 nonenveloped dsDNA virus

A

Adenoviridae

Papillomaviridae - HPV

Polyomaviridae - JC & BK virus

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8
Q

Name 3 Enveloped dsDNA virus

A

Herpesviridae

Hepadnaviridae -HBV

Poxviridae - Smallpox, Molluscum

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9
Q

Name 3 nonenveloped ssRNA virus

A

Picornaviridae - Enterovirus, Hep A, Rhinovirus

Calciviridae- Norovirus

Hepeviridae - Hep E

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10
Q

Name 10 enveloped ssRNA virus

A

Flaviviridae - HCV, Yello fever, Dengue, WNV, St. Lous/japane enecephalits

Togaviridae - Rubella EEE, WEE

Retroviridae - HIV, HTLV

Orthomyxoviridae - Influenza

Paramyxoviridae - RSV, Parainfluenza, Mumps, Measles

Rhabdoviridae

Coronaviridae

Arenaviridae

Bunyaviridae - Hatavirus

Delta virus - Hep D

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11
Q

Name 1 nonenveloped dsRNA virus

A

Reoviridae- rotavirus

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12
Q

Name the cell lines used to grow the following

Enterovirus

Rhinovirus

Influenza, Mumps, parainfluenza

Adenovirus

RSV

CMV

HSV 1 &2

A

Enterovirus - PMK

Rhinovirus - HDF

Influenza, Mumps, parainfluenza - PMK

Adenovirus - Hep2/HeLa

RSV - - Hep2/HeLa

CMV- HDF

HSV 1 &2- HDF

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13
Q

Duncan disease is associated with?

A

EBV

X-linked lymphoproliferative disease - SH2D1A (SAP) gene

overactive immune response to EBV, resulting in fulminant infectious mononucleosis, B cell lymphoma, aplastic anemia and dysgammaglobulinemia

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14
Q

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

A

VZV

Reactivation in the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve

Otalgia, unilateral facial paresis, vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus

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15
Q

EBV infects B lymphocytes by what receptor?

A

C3d aka CD21

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16
Q

Adenovirus; name the types associated with

Respiratory infection

Hemorrhagic cystitis

childhood gastroenteritis

A

Respiratory infection: 1-14 &21

Hemorrhagic cystitis: 11 &21

childhood gastroenteritis: 40 &41

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17
Q

Smudge cells

Decoy cells

Henderson Paterson

A

Smudge cells; Adenovirus

Decoy cells: BK virus

Henderson Paterson: Molluscum contagiosum

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18
Q

Name the 6 category A agents of bioterrism

A

Variola (smallpox)

Hemorrhagic fever viruses

Bacillus antracis

Yersinia pestis

Clostridium botulinum

Fancisella tularensis

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19
Q

Dane particle refers to?

A

Hep B, DNA virus; intact virion

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20
Q

What type of HCV is mostly found in the US?

A

Type 1 (1a>1b)

1a more likely to develope resistence

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21
Q

Antigenic drifts refer to?

Antigenic shifts?

A

Drifts: minor changes

Shifts: majore changes

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22
Q

Hemadsorption positive viruses

A

Influenza A&B

Parainfluenza

Measles

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23
Q

Name the associated virus

Croup

Subacute sclerosing paencephalitis

Tropical Spastic parapresis

ATLL - Adult T cell Leukemia/Lymphoma

A

Croup: Parainfluenza

Subacute sclerosing paencephalitis: Measles aka Morbillivirus

Tropical Spastic parapresis: HTLV1

ATLL - Adult T cell Leukemia/Lymphoma: HTLV1

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24
Q

Walls

Gram + vs Gram - Vs Mycobacteria

A

Gram + : Thick peptidoglycan cell wall, no outer membrane

Gram - : Thin peptidoglycan cell wall, WITH outer membrane

Mycobacteria: Like Gram + but with mycolic acids (repels violet/iodine)

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25
Q

Sheep agar

A

Most bacteria

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26
Q

Cholate agar

A

Fastidious baceria like Neisseria and Haemophilus

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27
Q

Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract

A

Legionella

Contains Cystine and Iron for growth

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28
Q

MacConkey and EMB

Eosin Methylene Blue

A

Enteric Gram -

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29
Q

What antimicrobials (5) are in the Campy agar?

A

Drugs Campylobacter are resistent to:

Cephalothin

Amphotericin B

Vancomycin

Trimethoprim

Polymyxin B

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30
Q

Hektoen Enteric agar is for?

A

Salmonella & Shigella

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31
Q

Thiosulfate-citrate-bile-salts-sucrose agar

(TCBS)

Whats special about it?

A

Vibrio

Alkaline pH

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32
Q

Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiocin again

(CIN)

A

Yersinia

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33
Q

Lim broth

A

Group B step

Inhibits gram - with Colistin

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34
Q

Regan-Lowe medium

A

Bordetella

Has cephalexin (bordetella is resistent)

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35
Q

Thayer-Martin media

A

Neisseria

Has vancomycin, colistin, nystatin

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36
Q

Name the sugar in TCBS and CIN again

A

TCBS- Sucrose (fermenters turn yellow)

CIN- Mannito (Fermenters have red center “bulls eye”)

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37
Q

Name the organsim that grows at

25 -30 C

42C

Grows at 37 but motile at 25 C, and multiple at 4C

A

25 -30 C : Yersinia and certain Pseudomonas (fluorescens, putida)

42C : Campylobacter jejuni/coli and Pseudomonas (except for the fluorescens, putida)

Grows at 37 but motile at 25 C, and multiple at 4C: Listeria monocytoggens

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38
Q

Catalase + organsims

A
  1. Staph
  2. Pseudomonas
  3. Aspergillus
  4. Candida
  5. Enterobacter
  6. Bacillus
  7. Campylobacter
  8. Listeria
  9. Staph
  10. H. Pylori
  11. Nocardia
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39
Q

S. Saprophyticus is resistent to?

A

Novobiocin

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40
Q

S. pneumonia is susceptible to?

A

Optochin

P disk

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41
Q

PYR positive in?

A

Group A pyogenic strep

Enterococcus

Staph lugdunensis

42
Q

Bile esculin test identifies?

A

Enteroccoci and Group D

43
Q

Oxidase + organsims (7)

A

Pseudomonas

Vibrio cholerae

Neisseria

Moraxella

Campylobacter

Helicobacter spp

Legionella

44
Q

Indole test for?

A

E. coli, Indole +

Others: propionebacterium and pasturella

45
Q

Urease positive oragnism

A

Brucella (Strong)

Proteus (rapid)

ureaplasma

Nocardia

Crytococcus

Helicobacter pylori (Rapid)

46
Q

Hippurate hydrolysis test (5)

A

+ (purple) in

Campylobacter jejuni

Listeria monocytogens

Streptococcus agalactiae

Gardenella Vaginalis

Legionella pneumophila

47
Q

Growth in lysozyme indicates?

A

Nocardia

48
Q

What staph is resisent to vanc and shows beta hemolysis?

A

Staph Hemolyticus

on a side note, Staph Aureus is also beta hemolytic

49
Q

Name the organsim

Gram + cocci in pairs

Susceptible to bacitracin (A disk)

PYR +

Lancefield group A

A

Strep pyogenes

50
Q

Name the organsim

Lancet shaped, Gram + diplococci

susecptible to optochin (p disk)

bile susceptible

lancet shaped, dipplococci

A

Strep pneumonia

51
Q

Name the organsim

gram + diplococci

PYR +

Bile +

Grow in 6.5% NaCl

Express Lancefield group D

A

Enteroccci

52
Q

Enterococci is resistent to?

A

Cephalosporins

Anti-staph penicillins (methicillin)

Carboxypenicillin (ticarcillin)

Penicillin (high MIC)

Aminoglycosides

53
Q

Name the organsim

fastidious gram - cocci which requires incubation with CO2

A

Neisseria

54
Q

Name the organsim

Gram - cocci

oxidase +

Hockey puck sign

resistent to?

A

Moraxella catarrhalis, resistent to penicillin (produce beta lactamase)

freq cause of otitis media in children

55
Q

Name the organsim

Anaerobe

spore forming gram + rods

A

Clostridium

Bacillus is a aerobe, spore forming gram + rod

56
Q

Name the organsim

Anaerobe

gram + rod, spore forming

double zone of beta hemolysis on blood agar

A

clostridium perfringens

57
Q

Name the organsim

Anearobe

gram + rod, spore forming

cultured on Cycloserine Cefoxitin Egg Yolk Fructose Agar (CCFA) under strict anaerobic condidtions

Colonies are yellow and fluoresce with UV light

Smells like horse manure

A

C difficile

58
Q

Severe C diff is associated with strain BI/NAP1/027 which has the mutated form of what gene?

A

tcdC gene

59
Q

Name the organsim

Anaerobe

non spore forming, gram + rod

molar tooth colonies aka cerebriform

A

actinomyces

gram +, non spore forming anaerobe

NOT acid fast

(nocardia is acid fast)

60
Q

Name the organsim

Spore forming, Aerobic gram + cocci

catalase +, non motile

Medusa head colonies

A

Bacillus anthracis

61
Q

Name the organsim

Nonspore forming, aerobic gram + bacilli

beta hemolytic with a narrow zone of hemolysis

Catalase +

Temperature dependent motility (25C)

CAMP test -> Rectangle

Resistent to cephalosporins

A

Listeria monocytogens

Use ampicillin

62
Q

Name the organsim

Nonspore forming Aerobic gram + rod

non motile

catalase -

produce H2S

intrinsically resistent to vancomycin

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

63
Q

Name the organsim

Long thin filamentous beaded gram + rod

Modified acid fast +

Culture on BCYE, chalky white

“musty basement” odor

A

Nocardia

64
Q

Name the organsim

gram +, coccobacili

found in histiocytes

Acid fast +

Pink salmon colonies on blood

A

Rhodococcus equi

65
Q

Name the organsim

gram + rod

Aerobic, non spore forming

Tindsdale agar - Reduces potassium tellurite to metalic tellurite

tonsils with pseudomembrane

ELECK test for exotoxin

A

Corneybacterium Diptehriae

66
Q

Name the organsim

gram + rod

aerobe, non spore forming

foamy histiocytes in the duodenum

PAS +

AFB -

A

Tropheryma whipplei

67
Q

Name the organsim

Anaerobe

gram - bacilli

Grows in bile (black)

Normal GI flora

produce beta lactamase

Use metronidazole

Safety pin/bipolar look

A

Bacteroides fragilis

Safety pin is a buzz word for Yersinia

68
Q

Name the organsim

anaerobe

gram - rod, fusiform

associated with Lemierre syndrome

A

Fusobacterium

Lemierre syndrome : Tonsilitis complicated by septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein

Vincent’s angina

69
Q

Of the enterobacteriacceae what

reduce nitrate to nitrite?

A

All

E coli, salmonella, citrobacter, shigella, klebsiella, proteus, yersenia, enterobacter

70
Q

Of the enterobacteriacceae, what are

strong lactose fermentors

A

E. Coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter

Citrobacter

71
Q

Of the enterobacteriacceae, what

produce Hydrogen sulfide

A

Salmonella

Proteus

Citrobacter

Erysipelothric rhusiopathiae (gram +, non spore forming rod)

72
Q

Name the Ecoli that

does not ferment sorbitol

Produce shiga like toxin

A

EHEC

O157:H7

73
Q

Name the Ecoli that

is the cause of travelers diarrhea

produce cholera like toxin

A

ETEC

74
Q

Which shigella can also cause HUS? Causes postinfectious arthritis in HLA-B27 pts

A

HUS: S dysenteriae

HLA-B27: S flexneri

75
Q

Which klebsiella caues rhinoscleroma?

A

K rhinoscleromatis

76
Q

Name the organism

Gram - rod

grows on MacConkey

oxidase +

ferments glucose

Yellow on TCBS

A

Vibrio Cholerae

Yellow on TCBS because it ferments sucrose

77
Q

Name the organism

Gram - rod

grows on MacConkey

oxidase +

ferments glucose

Green on TCBS

Aquired through seawater

A

Vibrio parahemolyticus

Green on TCBS because it does NOT ferment sucrose

78
Q

Name the organism

Gram - rod

grows on MacConkey

oxidase positive

glucose non fermentor

beta hemolytic

can grow at 42C

grape like odor

Seen in Cystic fibrosis

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

79
Q

Name the organism

Gram - rod

NO growth on MacConkey

Requires cysteine

Oxidase -

Urease -

beta lactamase +

Transmitted by Amblyomma americanum (Lone star tick)

Category A - agent of Bioterrorism

A

Francisela tularensis

Use serology

80
Q

Name the organism

Gram - rod

NO growth on MacConkey

Intracellular pathogen

grows on chocolate with CO2

Urease strongly positive

Oxidase and Catalase Positive

Category B- agent of bioterrorism

Fever with lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegally, bad BO

Spontaneous abortion

Hepatitis with Granulomas

endocarditis (principle source of mortality)

A

Brucella

Abortus - cow

sheep - melitensis

swine- suis

81
Q

Name the organism

Gram - rod

NO growth on MacConkey

Requires nicotinic acid, cysteine, and methionine

Small “mercury like” growth on Bordet Gengou or Regan Lowe media at 35C with CO2 supplement

cause whooping cough

A

Bordetella pertussis

82
Q

Name the organism

Gram - rod

NO growth on MacConkey

Oxidase +

Catalase +

Stronly Indole +

wound infection from animal bites

A

Pasteurella mutlocida

83
Q

Name the organism

Gram invisible

NO growth on MacConkey

White colonies on BCYE

ID by latex agglutination or direct fluorescent ab

or by urinary ag test

A

Legionella penumophila serogroup 1

84
Q

Name the organism

Tiny Gram - , seagull shaped

NO growth on MacConkey

Grows on CAMPY

Oxidase +

Catalase +

Hippurate hydrolysis +

A

Campylobacter jejuni

other campylobacter spp neg for hippurate

85
Q

Name the organism

spindle shaped, thin Gram - rod

NO growth on MacConkey

Chocolate with CO2

Catalase -

Oxidase -

Indole -

Dog/cat bite

A

Capnocytophaga canimorsus

86
Q

Name the organsim

Gram variable filamentous rod with moniliform swellling

No growth on MacConkey

Puffball on thioglycolate broth

Causes rat bite fever

A

Streptobacillus moniliformis

87
Q

Name the oragnism

Gram -

No growth on MacConkey

Small colonies on chocolate

Requires X and V

A

Haemophilus influenza

88
Q

Name the oragnism

Gram -

No growth on MacConkey

Small colonies on chocolate

Requires V

A

H. parainfluenza

89
Q

Name the oragnism

Gram -

No growth on MacConkey

Small colonies on chocolate

Requires X

A

H. ducreyi

90
Q

Name the oragnism

Gram -

No growth on MacConkey

require 48-72 hrs in CO2 enriched enviorment on chocolate agar

Causes endocarditis

A

HACEKs

Oxidase neg

Haemophilus

Aggregatibacter

Oxidase Pos

Cardiobacterium hominis (indole +)

Eikenella corrodens (Bleach smell, pits agar)

Kingella (beta hemolytic)

91
Q

Name the oragnism

Gram -

No growth on MacConkey

Obligate intracellular pathogen

causes Q fever

Category B-bioterroism

Granuloma found in liver and BM with classif fibrin ring appearance

Diagnose by Serology or PCR

A

Coxiella burnetti

92
Q

Weil disease

A

Triad of meningitis, hepatitis, and nephritis caused by Leptospira integrrogans

Serology

93
Q

associated with intestinal spirochetosis

A

brachyspira aalborgi

94
Q

What causes syphillis? Whats the screening test?

A

Treponema pallidum

Screen: treponemal specific test (FTA-ABS, TP-PA), confirm with non treponemal test (RPR and VDRL)

95
Q

What caues lyme disease? Coinfection with? Vector?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

Babesia and Anaplasma

Ixodes tick

96
Q

Whats the gold standard for Chlamydiae diagnosis?

A

growth on McCoy cells

NAAT available

97
Q

Name oragnism which causes Rocky Mounted spotted fever

Vector?

A

Rickettsiae rickettsii

Dermacenter variabilis aka American Dog tick

98
Q

Ehrlichia chaffeensis infects?

Anaplasma phagocytophilum infects?

A

Ehrlichia chaffeensis infects; Monocytes - Amyblomma americanum

Anaplasma phagocytophilum infects: granulocytes - Ixodes

99
Q

Name organism and vector

Trench fever

A

Bartonella quintana - Pediculus humanus

100
Q

Name organism and vector

Oroya fever and verruga peruana

A

Bartonella bacilliformis - sand fly Lutzomyia phlebotomine

101
Q

Name organism and vector

cat scratch disease

bacillary angiomatosis

A

bartonella henselae

Pathology (16 decks)

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