MI 05b: Tumors and Transplants Flashcards
In the case of (tumors/transplants), it’s better to have enhanced immunity.
Tumors
In the case of (tumors/transplants), it’s better to have reduced immunity.
Transplants
T/F: One of the key issues with tumors is that the immune system doesn’t react to them.
False
T/F: Being immunodeficient increases individual’s chances of developing tumors.
True
(X) cells recognize tumor antigens. These presented antigens could be products of:
X = T
- Mutated or over-expressed self protein
- Oncogene/tumor suppressor gene
- Oncogenic virus
Immune system primarily kills off tumors via (X) cells, presented on (Y).
X = CD8 CTL Y = MHC Class I
Tumor response: Most development/expansion of (X) cells takes place in (Y).
X = CD8 CTL Y = lymph nodes
Tumor response: activation of T cell occurs at which location? This occurs when it recognizes tumor antigen presented via (X).
Lymph node;
X = dendritic cell
Tumors can evade immune system in which way(s)?
- Don’t produce antigen
- MHC Class I deficiency
- Inhibitory proteins (surface or secreted)
The “immune checkpoints” are (stimulatory/inhibitory) (ligands/receptors) on (X) cell that, under normal conditions, bind (Y).
Inhibitory;
Receptors;
X = T
Y = B7 ligands on APC
List the “immune checkpoint” receptors on T cells.
- CTLA-4
2. PD-1
Tumor cells take advantage of (stimulatory/inhibitory) receptors on T cells. Specifically, the tumor cell expresses (X) to bind (Y), resulting in (Z).
Inhibitory;
X = PD-L1
Y = PD-1 receptor
Z = apoptosis of CD8 T cell
T/F: Interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 ligand prevents interaction between CD28 and B7 ligand.
False
How do cancer therapy drugs take advantage of the “immune checkpoint” receptors?
Anti-PD-1 antibody blocks PD-1 on T cell, preventing lethal PD-L1 (tumor cell) from binding
Antibodies directed against tumor antigens is an example of (passive/active) immunization.
Passive
Vaccination against oncogenic viruses is an example of (passive/active) immunization.
Active
Tumor-pulsed dendritic cells is an example of (passive/active) immunization.
Active
Blocking growth factor signaling of tumor cells is an example of (passive/active) immunization.
Passive
“Syngeneic” refers to:
Genetically identical individuals
“Allogeneic” refers to:
Same species, different individuals
“Xenogeneic” refers to:
Different species
In transplant rejection, the donor’s self peptide is a(n) (X) and recognized by (Y) as non-self.
X = alloantigen Y = T cells
In transplant rejection, “sensitization” involves presentation of (X) to (CD4/CD8) T cells by (Y) cells in (Z) location.
X = alloantigen;
Both CD4 and CD8
Y = dendritic
Z = lymph node
Alloantigen recognition by T cells is (direct/indirect), aka presented to T cell via (X).
Both;
X = allogenic/donor APC (direct)
OR self-MHC/host APC after uptake and processing (indirect)
