MI 02a: Innate Immunity Flashcards
PAMPs, aka (X), are:
X = Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns;
Specific molecules in/on pathogens, typically necessary for pathogen’s survival
T/F: PAMPs can be mutated to avoid the immune system.
False
DAMPs, aka (X), are:
X = Damage Associated Molecular Patterns;
Specific molecules found in damaged tissue
T/F: Innate immune system has the same performance in a repeated encounter of target.
True
List the main types of action of innate immune system
- Barrier
- Inflammation
- Antiviral
Prevention of infection is job for (innate/adaptive) immune system.
Innate
Possible autoimmunity is a characteristic of (innate/adaptive) immune system.
Adaptive
Clearance of microbial debris and damaged tissue is job for (innate/adaptive) immune system.
Innate
T/F: PAMPs can often be found on host cells.
False
Give examples of PAMPs.
- Lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) on gram-n bac
- Unmethylated CpG islands
- Double-stranded RNA (virus)
The receptors, (X), for innate immune system are encoded in/by (Y) and thus depict (great/limited) diversity.
X = PRR (pattern recognition receptors)
Y = in germline
Limited
The receptors for adaptive immune system are encoded in/by (Y) and thus depict (great/limited) diversity.
Y = genes (that undergo somatic recombination)
Great diversity
Innate immune system has (clonal/non-clonal) distribution of receptors. This means there are (same/different) receptors on cells with (X).
Non-clonal;
Same;
X = same lineage
Adaptive immune system has (clonal/non-clonal) distribution of receptors. This means that (X) with distinct specificities express (same/different) receptors.
Clonal;
X = lymphocyte clones
Different
TLRs (Toll-Like Receptors) are group of (X) on surface of (Y).
X = PRRs Y = innate immune cells
On innate immune cells, (X) are located where they will have the optimal chance of binding (Y).
X = PRRs Y = PAMPs and DAMPs
List the locations at which (X) receptor might bind PAMP/DAMP.
X = PRRs
- Cell surface
- In cytoplasm
- Within endosome
Ligands for Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs)?
PAMPs
T/F: All TLRs bind all PAMPs.
False - specific TLRs bind different PAMPs
A TLR that binds to bacterial peptidoglycan is likely to be where in/on the cell?
Cell surface
List some TLR types that bind ligand within endosome. Which ligands are likely found in that location?
TLR-3, 7, 8, 9
Ligands: dsRNA, ssRNA, and unmethylated CpG DNA
Once a TLR is bound by ligand, the immediate effect is:
Signaling cascade stimulated
(X) tissue plays key role in innate immunity. Which characteristics of (X) make this true?
X = epithelium
- Physical barrier to infection
- Produces local antibiotics to kill microbes
- Contains intra-epithelial lymphocytes to kill microbes/infected cells
In adult homeostasis/inflammatory reactions, production of mononuclear phagocytes starts with formation of (X) from (Y). Where does this happen?
X = monocyte precursor Y = hematopoietic SC
Bone marrow
In adult homeostasis/inflammatory reactions, production of mononuclear phagocytes proceeds as (X) becomes (Y) and gets released into (Z).
X = monocyte precursor Y = monocyte Z = circulation
In adult homeostasis/inflammatory reactions, mononuclear phagocytes travel via (X) to which sites in body?
X = circulation
Sites of inflammation