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MI and Genomics > MI 02b: Ab and TCRs > Flashcards

MI 02b: Ab and TCRs Flashcards

1
Q

Antibody, aka an (X) molecule/monomer, has (Y) structure.

A 
X = Ig
Y = hetero-tetramer
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2
Q

Ab has (X) heavy and (Y) light chains that are (non-covalently/covalently) joined by (Z) bonds.

A

X = Y = 2
Covalently;
Z = disulfide

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3
Q

At the (carboxyl/amino) terminal end of (heavy/light) chains is the “variable” region of Ab.

A

Amino;

Both heavy and light chains

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4
Q

At the (carboxyl/amino) terminal end of (heavy/light) chains is the “constant” region of Ab.

A

Caroxyl;

Both heavy and light chains

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5
Q

Within (X) region of Ab, there are (2/3/4/5) stretches of (Y) that exhibit even greater degrees of variability between Ab molecules. What are these regions called?

A

X = variable
3;
Y = AA

Hypervariable regions or complementarity-determining regions (CDR1, CDR2, CDR3)

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6
Q

Which region(s) on Ab are in contact/complementary to the antigen?

A

Hyper-variable regions (CDR1, 2, and 3)

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7
Q

The (X) of the (H/L) chain of Ab determines the isotype.

A

X = AA sequence of constant region

H chain

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8
Q

In humans, there are (X) number of Ab isotypes that are placed into (Y) number of classes. List the classes. Star those with subclasses.

A 
X = 9
Y = 5

IgM, IgA, IgD, IgG, IgE

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9
Q

All cell surface Ig classes are (mono/di/tri/tetra)-mers and anchored to the membrane through (C/N) terminus of (H/L) chain.

A

monomers;
C;
H

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10
Q

In soluble form, which Ig classes are monomers?

A

IgD, IgG, IgE

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11
Q

In soluble form, which Ig classes are dimers?

A

IgA

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12
Q

In soluble form, which Ig classes are tetramers?

A

None

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13
Q

In soluble form, which Ig classes are pentamers?

A

IgM

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14
Q

In soluble form, the Ig classes that aren’t monomers are held together by:

A

J chain

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15
Q

In soluble Ab, the (Fab/Fc) region is responsible for mediating effector functions, aka recruitment of (X), when the (Fab/Fc) region is (bound/unbound) to (Y).

A 
Fc;
X = innate immune forces
Fab;
Bound
X = complementary antigen
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16
Q

The TCR has (X) structure, composed of which chain(s)?

A

X = heterodimer

One alpha and one beta chains

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17
Q

In TCR structure, (alpha/beta) chain consists of (N/C) variable region.

A

Both; N-terminal

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18
Q

In TCR structure, (alpha/beta) chain consists of (N/C) constant region.

A

Both; C-terminal

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19
Q

In TCR structure, (constant/variable) region traverses the (X) cell membrane.

A

Constant (C-terminal);

X = T cell

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20
Q

T/F: CDR1, 2, and 3 hypervariable regions are exclusively found on Ab.

A

False

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21
Q

Variable region of TCR contains which (if any) hypervariable regions?

A

CDR1, 2, and 3 (like Ab)

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22
Q

T/F: A minority of TCRs are made up of gamma and delta chains.

A

True (5-10%)

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23
Q

What’s an epitope?

A

Part of antigen that contacts the antigen receptor

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24
Q

T/F: BCRs and TCRs recognize different types and forms of antigens.

A

True

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25
Q

In soluble form, TCR forms (mono/di/tri)mer?

A

NEVER secreted in soluble form! Only on cell surface

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26
Q

(BCR/TCR)s can recognize any chemical structure in its native form.

A

BCRs

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27
Q

(BCR/TCR)s are high-maintenance. They only interact with (X)-derived (Y) that are presented in context of (Z).

A

TCRs;
X = antigen
Y = peptides
Z = self-MHC molecules

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28
Q

In general, TCRs CDR1 region interacts with:

A

MHC molecule

29
Q

In general, TCRs CDR2 region interacts with:

A

MHC molecule

30
Q

In general, TCRs CDR3 region interacts with:

A

Peptide

31
Q

T/F: MHC class I and II molecules are expressed on the same types of cells.

A

False

32
Q

MHC Class I molecules are expressed on (X) cells.

A

X = all nucleated

33
Q

MHC Class II molecules are expressed on (X) cells.

A

X = Antigen-presenting

and thymic epithelial cells

34
Q

MHC Class I molecule has (X) chains with (Y) number of domains. It’s (covalently/non-covalently) associated with (Z).

A

X = one alpha
Y = 3
Non-covalently
Z = beta-2-microglobulin (beta-2m) protein

35
Q

MHC Class II molecule has (X) chains with (Y) number of domains. Its (covalently/non-covalently) associations form which structure?

A

X = one alpha and one beta
Y = 2 domains on each chain
Non-covalently;
Heterodimer

36
Q

MHC class (I/II) contain peptide-binding cleft.

A

Both

37
Q

MHC Class I has peptide-binding cleft formed by (X) domain of (Y) chain.

A 
X = first two
Y = alpha
38
Q

MHC Class II has peptide-binding cleft formed by (X) domain of (Y) chain.

A 
X = first
Y = both alpha and beta chains
39
Q

The human MHC is also referred to as:

A

HLA (human leukocyte antigen)

40
Q

How many loci encode distinct human MHC class I proteins? List them. What does each locus encode?

A

3 loci

HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C
Each locus encodes one alpha chain

41
Q

How many loci encode distinct human MHC class II proteins? List them. What does each locus encode?

A

3 loci

HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR
Each locus encodes a distinct alpha and beta chain

42
Q

We inherit (X) sets of MHC alleles from each parent.

A

X = one

43
Q

T/F: The MHC loci are the most highly polymorphic loci in any mammalian genome.

A

True

44
Q

The majority of polymorphic AA in MHC molecules are localized in which part of molecule?

A

Peptide-binding cleft

45
Q

Each specific MHC molecule can bind peptides of (one/many) sequence(s) and (one/multiple) peptides at a time.

A

Many;

one

46
Q

What can you say about all peptides that can bind to one specific MHC molecule? Be specific.

A

They share structural features (similar AA residues at critical positions)

47
Q

What’s the formal name of AA residues in critical positions that allow peptide to fit into binding pockets of MHC cleft.

A

Anchor residues

48
Q

AA residues on peptide that face away from MHC molecule interact with (X) and are thus called (Y).

A 
X = TCR
Y = TCR contact residues
49
Q

One individual will inherit (X) different MHC class I alleles from each parent.

A

X = 3

50
Q

One individual will inherit (X) different MHC class II alleles from each parent.

A

X = 3

51
Q

What determines which MHC Class I or II allele (from mom or dad) will be expressed on a given cell?

A

All alleles are expressed co-dominantly!

52
Q

Every individual is capable of producing (X) different MHC Class I proteins and (Y) different MHC Class II proteins.

A 
X = 6;
Y = 12
53
Q

The disparity in (X) between individuals is the greatest contributor to rejection in organ/tissue transplantation.

A

X = MHC sequences

54
Q

MHC Class I molecules present (X) to which specific type of (Y) cells?

A

X = antigen-derived peptide
CD-8
Y = T cells

55
Q

MHC Class II molecules present (X) to which specific type of (Y) cells?

A

X = antigen-derived peptide
CD-4
Y = T cells

56
Q

The function of CD4/8 molecules, aka (X), on (Y) cells is to:

A 
X = co-receptors
Y = T

Enhance avidity of TCR:MHC binding

57
Q

CD4/8 molecules interact with which specific regions of (X)?

A

X = MHC molecules

Non-polymorphic regions

58
Q

MHC Class I pathway presents peptides derived from (intra/extra)-cellular pathogens.

A

Intracellular

59
Q

MHC Class II pathway presents peptides derived from (intra/extra)-cellular pathogens.

A

Extracellular (phagocytosed/endocytosed)

60
Q

MHC Class (I/II) pathway: the cytosolic protein is degraded into peptides by (X). The peptides are then transported across (Y) via (Z).

A

Class I;
X = proteosome
Y = ER membrane
Z = TAP (transporter)

61
Q

MHC Class (I/II) pathway: within ER, peptides are preferentially associated with newly synthesized (Y).

A

Class I

Y = MHC Class I proteins

62
Q

MHC Class (I/II) pathway: the engulfed microbe is degraded into peptides by (X). The peptides are then transported across ER via (Y).

A

Class II
X = proteases (in lysosome)

NOT transported to ER!

63
Q

T/F: Both MHC Class I and II proteins are transported through the ER.

A

True

64
Q

(Inside/outside) ER, MHC Class (I/II) proteins are bound to (X), occluding the (Y).

A

Inside;
Class II
X = invariant chain (Ii) protein
Y = peptide-binding cleft

65
Q

The invariant chain (Ii) protein prevents (intra/extra)-cellularly derived peptides from binding to the MHC Class (I/II) proteins.

A

Intracellularly

Class II

66
Q

An extracellular pathogen engulfed by macrophage will eventually activate (CD4/CD8) T cell, which functions to (X) by (Y).

A

CD4 (helper T cell);
X = help macrophage kill ingested microbe
Y = secreting cytokines

67
Q

An extracellular pathogen endocytosed by B cell will eventually activate (CD4/CD8) T cell, which functions to (X) by (Y).

A

CD4 (helper T cell);
X = stimulate B cells to produce Ab (to attack extracellular pathogen)
Y = secreting cytokines

68
Q

An intracellular pathogen are presented by (X) and will eventually activate (CD4/CD8) T cell, which functions to (Y).

A

X = MHC Class I proteins
CD8;
Y = kill infected cell

MI and Genomics (16 decks)

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