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MI and Genomics > MI 03c: B cell Activation > Flashcards

MI 03c: B cell Activation Flashcards

1
Q

Naive B cells, like T cells, migrate from circulation to (X) via (Y). The difference, though, is (Z).

A 
X = peripheral lymphoid organs
Y = chemokines
Z = chemokine receptor CXCR5 (not CCR7)
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2
Q

Chemokine receptor (X) on naive B cells directs them to (Y) part, the B zone, of peripheral lymph organs.

A 
X = CXCR5;
Y = follicles
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3
Q

In the B cell zone, naive B cells are presented with (X)-coated (Y) via (Z) cells.

A 
X = C3b and C3d complement
Y = microbial antigens
Z = follicular DCs
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4
Q

Activated B cell will proliferate and differentiate into (X). (X) cells (do/don’t) further (differentiate/divide).

A

X = plasma cell;

Don’t divide/differentiate further

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5
Q

Plasma cells are dedicated to which function?

A

Secretion of their Ab product

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6
Q

BCR binding avidity is increased by interaction of (X) co-receptor on B cell, which binds to (Y) complement fragment.

A 
X = CR2
Y = C3d
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7
Q

T/F: B cell co-receptor has signaling domain.

A

False

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8
Q

T/F: BCR has signaling domain.

A

False

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9
Q

(X) B cell co-receptor, which is associated with (Y), has intra-cytoplasmic signaling domain.

A 
X = CD19
Y = CR2 (co-receptor)
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10
Q

The (X) is associated with (1/2/3) (Y) that contain signaling domains. This forms the BCR complex.

A

X = BCR;
2;
Y = heterodimers

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11
Q

B cell activation: as an alternative to co-receptor engagement, avidity/signaling may be increased by binding of (X) to (Y).

A 
X = TLRs (on B cell)
Y = PAMP (on microbial particle)
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12
Q

B cell activation: Engagement of BCR and either (X) or (Y) leads to activation of transcription factors in B cell.

A 
X = CR2
Y = TLRs
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13
Q

Depending on (X), B cell can proliferate/differentiate through one of which two pathways?

A

X = nature of antigen

  1. T independent
  2. T-dependent
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14
Q

T (dependent/independent) antigens are typically (X) and have no protein component.

A

Independent

X = capsular polysaccharides and lipids (with repeating identical units)

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15
Q

CHO attached to protein activates B cell. What’s the subsequent fate of this T-(dependent/independent) antigen?

A

T-dependent;

  1. Endocytosis
  2. Processing and presentation on MHC Class II molecules
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16
Q

When B cell encounters T-(dependent/independent) antigen, it needs to express (X) receptor to assist in B cell migration from (Y) to (Z).

A

T-dependent;
X = CCR7
Y = follicle
Z = T cell zone

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17
Q

A T-dependent antigen is presented by B cell to (X), which has begun its differentiation to (Y).

A 
X = CD4 T cell
Y = Th1, Th2, or Th17 helper cell
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18
Q

T-dependent antigen pathway: (T/B) cell activates (T/B) cell to proliferate.

A

Both; both (mutual activation/proliferation)

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19
Q

T-dependent antigen pathway: (X) and (Y) induces some of the B cells to upregulate (Z) receptor and return to the follicle (with/without) the T cell.

A 
X = tight T cell contact
Y = cytokines produced by T cell
Z = CXCR5

With

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20
Q

T-(dependent/independent) pathway: B cell, returns to follicle with T, specifically (X), cell. This generates which part of the follicle?

A

T-dependent;
X = Tfh
Germinal center

21
Q

Germinal center of follicle contains proliferating, differentiating (X) cells that continue to receive stimulation from (Y).

A 
X = B
Y = Tfh cells and FDC-displayed antigen
22
Q

What are secondary follicles?

A

Follicles containing germinal center

23
Q

B cells that don’t return to follicle have which fate?

A

Differentiate into short-lived IgM-secreting plasma cells

24
Q

List the three processes that the (X) cell undergoes in germinal center.

A

X = B

  1. Ig class switching
  2. Somatic hypermutation/affinity maturation
  3. Generation of memory B cells
25
Q

In germinal center, T cell express (X) ligand and secrete cytokines, which engage (X) and cytokine receptors on B cell it’s in contact with. This effects the B cell in which way?

A

X = CD40

  1. Further proliferation/differentiation
  2. Expresses enzyme (AID)
26
Q

The enzyme AID is expressed by (X) cell in (Y) location and is important for (Z).

A 
X = B
Y = germinal center
Z = Ig class switching and somatic hypermutation
27
Q

Different Ig isotypes are different in which functions?

A

Mediate different effector functions (eradicate different types of microbes)

28
Q

T/F: Portion of IgH DNA is deleted during Ig switching.

A

True

29
Q

Aside from Tfh cytokines, (X) cytokine secretion from (Y) cell required for Ig switching to IgG1 and IgG3.

A 
X = IFN-gamma
Y = Th1
30
Q

Aside from Tfh cytokines, (X) cytokine secretion from (Y) cell required for Ig switching to IgE.

A 
X = IL-4
Y = Th2
31
Q

Aside from Tfh cytokines, (X) cytokine secretion from (Y) cell required for Ig switching to IgA.

A 
X = IL-5
Y = Th2
32
Q

Hyper-IgM syndrome is (X) disease caused by (Y).

A 
X = immunodeficiency
Y = defective expression of CD40L on Th cells
33
Q

Hyper-IgM syndrome prevents (X) process from occuring, resulting in (low/high) levels of (Y) in blood.

A

X = Ig switching
High
Y = IgM

34
Q

T/F: Hyper-IgM syndrome leads to reduced elimination of microbes.

A

True

35
Q

Somatic hypermutation of (X) cells is the introduction of (Y) in (Z). What does this do?

A 
X = B
Y = many point mutations
Z = variable region genes of expressed Ab

Affinity changes

36
Q

Following somatic hypermutation, the selected (X) cells give rise to (Y) cells. These secrete Ab that differ in which characteristic?

A 
X = B
Y = plasma

Higher affinity

37
Q

Majority of activated proliferating follicular B cells have which fate?

A

Terminal differentiation to long-lived plasma cells

38
Q

Some follicular B cells differentiate into long-lived memory B cells. Which contact/signals aid in this differentiation?

A

T cell contact and cytokines

39
Q

Memory B cells secrete which Ab?

A

They don’t secrete Ab (stays on surface as BCR)

40
Q

T/F: Memory B cell Ab is class-switched and high affinity.

A

True

41
Q

Memory B cells are present in (smaller/larger/equal) numbers and are activated (slower/quicker) than naive B cells upon repeat encounter.

A

Larger; quicker

42
Q

T-independent antigens are typically presented on class (I/II) MHC molecules.

A

Neither! NO peptides in antigen

43
Q

T-independent pathway: (few/many) interactions of (X) molecules with repeating epitopes on antigen leads to (X) crosslinking, activation, proliferation, and terminal differentiation to (Y).

A

Many;
X = BCR
Y = short-lived IgM-secreting plasma cells

44
Q

A subset of (X) cells in marginal zone of spleen are self-renewing and express (Y) specific for (Z) antigens.

A 
X = B
Y = BCR
Z = capsular polysaccharides (T-independent)
45
Q

Marginal zone of spleen is major source of (X) against microbial capsular polysaccharides.

A

X = IgM

46
Q

Why is humoral immunity, provided by (X), against capsular microbes (i.e. bacteria) so important?

A

X = IgM (produced by plasma cells in spleen)

Capsule protects bacteria from phagocytosis via innate immune system

47
Q

Which Ig isotypes are long-lived (years)? Where is “home” for each (X) cell that expresses them?

A

X = plasma

IgA (mucosa)
IgG (bone marrow)
IgE (submucosa/skin)

48
Q

B cell markers are (X) specific to them. List the ones unique to B cells.

A

X = surface proteins

Ig (BCR), CD19 and CD20

MI and Genomics (16 decks)

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