Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MI and Genomics > MI 04a: Histology > Flashcards

MI 04a: Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Thymus develops from (X) cells, derived from (Y), as well as from underlying (Z).

A 
X = epithelial
Y = endoderm
Z = mesenchyme
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Epithelial reticulum (cytoreticulum) forms when cells of (X) spread apart, but remain connected via (Y).

A 
X = epithelial cords
Y = desmosomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List the basic functions of epithelioreticular cells in (X) organ.

A

X = thymus

  1. Stromal support
  2. Barrier
  3. Developmental support
  4. Endocrine function
  5. Hassall’s corpuscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What’s unique about the stroma of the thymus?

A

No reticular fibers; made up of cytoreticulum (stellate cells, linked via desmosomes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Blood-thymus barrier formed by (X) cells that envelop (Y) in (Z) part of thymus.

A 
X = epithelioreticular
Y = continuous capillaries
Z = cortex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

(X) cells monitor development of thymocytes in thymus and play key role in selecting the useful thymocytes.

A

X = thymic nurse cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Thymic (X) cells secrete peptides that serve (paracrine/autocrine/endocrine) functions. How do these affect thymocytes?

A

X = hormone-secreting;
Paracrine and endocrine;

  1. Differentiation
  2. Expression of surface molecules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hassall’s corpuscles are characteristic of (X) part of (Y) organ. They’re composed of (round/flat) (Z) cells.

A

X = medulla
Y = thymus
Flat;
Z = epithelioreticular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Thymocyte precursors migrate from (X) to thymus via (Y). What attracts them to thymus?

A 
X = bone marrow
Y = systemic circulation

Thymotaxic factors (secreted by epithelioreticular cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In thymus, precursors begin proliferation/differentiation in (X) and get progressively displaced (inward/outward) toward (Y).

A

X = cortex
Inward;
Y = medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Only developing thymocytes with which characteristics survive selection?

A

Bind weakly to self-MHC molecules, but NOT autoreactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Surviving thymocytes enter (X) of thymus as (Y) cells.

A 
X = medulla
Y = mature, naive T lymphocyte
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

GALT found in (X). BALT found in (Y). CALT found in (Z).

A 
X = gut
Y = bronci/trachea
Z = cutaneous tissue (dermis/epidermis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

(X) tissue overlying MALT is modified and contains special cells, depending on location of the MALT. Give examples.

A

X = epithelial

  1. M cells (GI tract)
  2. Langerhans cells (epidermis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

M cells are a type of (X) cells in (Y) location with (Z) function.

A 
X = epithlial (modified)
Y = GI tract (overlying MALT)
Z = antigen-transport
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Langerhans cells are a type of (X) cells in (Y) location with (Z) function.

A 
X = Dendritic (modified epithlium)
Y = epidermis (overlying MALT)
Z = antigen presenting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In which type of epithelial structure would you find reticulated epithlium? What’s the purpose?

A

Stratified squamous (note: simple columnar epithlia don’t need this modification)

Modified with channels to allow passage of lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

T/F: MALT has well-defined capsule.

A

False

19
Q

T/F: MALT has efferent lymphatic vessels.

A

True

20
Q

T/F: MALT has afferent lymphatic vessels.

A

False

21
Q

Lymphocytes leave MALT via (X).

A

X = efferent lymphatic vessels

22
Q

T/F: HEV found in all MALT and lymph nodes.

A

True

23
Q

HEV are special (X), whose walls are lined by (Y).

A 
X = post-capillary venules
Y = unusual endothelial cells
24
Q

Function of HEV is to:

A
  1. Bind lymphocytes (slow their flow)
  2. Separate them from blood
  3. Allow their migration (through wall) into specific lymph tissue
25
Q

Aside from lymphocytes, which cells/substances pass through HEV?

A
  1. Macrophages

2. Tissue fluid (draining out into circulation)

26
Q

Stroma of lymph nodes is composed of:

A
  1. Reticular fibers (collagen type III)
  2. Reticular cells
  3. Endothelial cells and macrophages
27
Q

Macrophages in stroma of lymph node has which functions?

A
  1. Phagocyte
  2. APC
  3. Contributes growth factors (supplements cytokine production by lymphocytes)
28
Q

Abs produced by plasma cells in medulla is released into (X), from which it passes out of lymph node via (Y).

A 
X = medullary sinus
Y = efferent lymphatics
29
Q

T cells in lymph node proliferate in which part of organ?

A

Paracortex

30
Q

Blood vessels are distributed in (X) part of lymph node, after entering and exiting at the organ’s (Y).

A 
X = cortex
Y = hilus
31
Q

Where might you find HEV in lymph node?

A

Interfollicular area and in deep paracortex

32
Q

B and T cells enter lymph node via:

A

HEV

33
Q

Most lymphocytes leaving lymph nodes are (X) cells that (have/haven’t) encountered antigen.

A

X = naive

Haven’t

34
Q

Largest lymphoid organ in body.

A

Spleen

35
Q

Two key functions of spleen

A
  1. Monitor blood/respond to blood-borne antigens

2. Destruction of ineffective RBC/platelets

36
Q

(X) are encased by white pulp of spleen. What’s the white pulp composed of?

A

X = central arteries;

  1. PALS (T-cells)
  2. Splenic follicles: marginal zone (macrophages and splenic sinuses) and germinal center (B cells)
37
Q

List pathway of closed circulation in spleen.

A
  1. Trabecular artery
  2. Central artery
  3. Radial artery
  4. Splenic sinus
  5. Trabecular vein
38
Q

Red pulp of spleen composed of:

A
  1. Splenic sinus

2. Splenic cord (cords of BIllroth)

39
Q

List pathway of open circulation in spleen.

A
  1. Trabecular artery
  2. Central artery
  3. Radial artery
  4. Splenic cord (cord of Billroth)
  5. Splenic sinus
  6. Trabecular vein
40
Q

Most arterial blood flows through (open/closed) circulation of spleen. It’s a (shorter/longer), (slower/faster) path.

A

Closed;

Shorter, faster

41
Q

The reason the open circulation of spleen exists is that (X) and (Y) are major sites for (Z).

A 
X = sheathed capillaries (sheath of macrophages)
Y = splenic cords
Z = clearance of cell debris and old blood cells
42
Q

In spleen, atypical, elongate endothelial cells, called (X) cells, line (Y) and rest on encircling bands of (Z).

A 
X = stave
Y = splenic sinus
Z = reticular fibers
43
Q

Blood cell monitoring in spleen: blood cells in (X) must traverse longitudinal interendothelial slits in order to reach (Y). Aged/inflexible/damaged RBCs have difficult time doing this.

A 
X = splenic cord
Y = splenic sinus lumen

MI and Genomics (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions