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Immunology Block 2 > MHC and Ag Presentation > Flashcards

MHC and Ag Presentation Flashcards

1
Q

MHC stands for

A

Major Histocompatibility Complex

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2
Q

what are the types of MHC

A

MHC class I and II

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3
Q

what is another name of MHC

A

transplantation antigens

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4
Q

describe MHC class I structure and binding

A

one polypeptide chaina nd b/w two regions of that same chain you bind the peptide

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5
Q

describe MHC class II structure and binding

A

one polypeptide and a separate polypeptide and b/w those two polypeptides you bind the peptide

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6
Q

human version of MHC is called

A

HLA

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7
Q

class I has what HLA

A

HLA A
B
C

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8
Q

Class II HLA ha

A

HLA - DR
HLA-DP
HLA-DQ

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9
Q

what is the primary function MHC gene

A

to present antigenic peptides

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10
Q

normally MHC genes are presenting

A

self

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11
Q

CD4 (T-helper) see antigen on surface of

A

MHC class II

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12
Q

CD8 see antigen on surface of

A

MHC I

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13
Q

CD8 and you’re sick and you’re attacking chances are what is it attacking

A

it’s a virus

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14
Q

draw out CD8 binding MHC class I

A

pg 8

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15
Q

draw out CD4 binding MHC class II

A

pg 8

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16
Q

CD4 is

A

helper T cell

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17
Q

CD8 is

A

killer T cell

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18
Q

the 3d structure of MHC class I requires presence of what to work correctly

A

beta2 microglobulin

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19
Q

what three genes code for MHC class I polypeptides

A

HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C

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20
Q

HLA stands for

A

human leukcoyte antigen

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21
Q

beta2 microglobulin

A 
it is a part of MHC class I, needed for it to function
it is encoded for gene at another location thatn the alpha chain
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22
Q

MHC II composed of

A

two polypeptide chains: alpha & beta

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23
Q

if you’re not sick what will MHC bind

A

self

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24
Q

if you are sick what will MHC bind

A

whatever antigen

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25
Q

different MHC II that we have

A

HLA-DP, HLA-DQ and HLA-DR

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26
Q

where do we have MHC I

A

everywhere BUT RBC (no nucleus)

basically all cells with nucleus

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27
Q

where will we not have MHC I

A

RBC

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28
Q

MHC protein is expressed ____ on cell surface

A

codominantly

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29
Q

what does codomoinantly mean in regards to MHC class I

A

mom: abc
dad: abc
we express from both parents equally

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30
Q

MHC class II expressed on what cells

A

B cells
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
(all APC)

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31
Q

MHC II are expressed _____

A

codominantely

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32
Q

human MHC class II isotypes

A

HLA-DP
HLA-DQ
HLA-DR

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33
Q

how polymorphic is insulin

A

not. it is very conserved b/w us and even b/w species

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34
Q

MHC is the most ______ thing we know of

A

polymorphic

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35
Q

what is the most polymorphic thing we know of

A

MHC (HLA for humans)

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36
Q

define allele

A

different forms of a gene; many genes have multiple alleles

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37
Q

define homozygote

A

alleles at a locus are the same

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38
Q

define heterozygote

A

alleles at a locus are different

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39
Q

define co-dominant gene expression

A

all alleles for a particular gene locus are expressed in an individual

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40
Q

define haplotype

A

a set of alleles of a group of closely linked genes which are usually inherited as a unit.

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41
Q

HLA genes are expressed

A

co-dominently

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42
Q

what can often happen regarding haplotypes of paternal and maternal alleles

A

they can recombine their alleles and child would get a mixture of the genes and create a brand new haplotype

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43
Q

compare and contrast homozygote for MHC vs. heterozygote for MHC

A

pg 18

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44
Q

in terms of MHC II you can create

A

trans molecule

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45
Q

trans molecule

A

ex: HLA-DP
alpha chain maternal, beta chain paternal. can potentailly mix apha maternal with beta paternal and create completely new set

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46
Q

the more variable for MHC the more

A

different pieces it can present or put in the space to present

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47
Q

you want to fit what into MHC

A

a lot of different proteins, a HUGE amount, so you need MHC to be incredibly diverse

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48
Q

HLA class 1, the α3 region is

A

identical in all of them

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49
Q

HLA class I α1 α2 are

A

very variable b/w the MHC

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50
Q

what is holding on to the epitope in HLA

A

beta sheets

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51
Q

what is surrounding the beta sheets in HLA

A

alpha helixes

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52
Q

HLA needs to interact w/

A

interacting with peptide or interacting with TCR

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53
Q

in position 2 of HLA-A binding motif always

A

leucine or methionine

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54
Q

in position 6 of HLA-A binding motif always have

A

valine

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55
Q

positino 9 of HLA-A binding motif always have

A

leucine or valine

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56
Q

peptide binding motif

A

speicif aa that is anochor

it needs certain aa at certain locations in order for peptide to bind

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57
Q

what is example of HLA-A peptide that binds class I

A

HIV reverse transcriptase

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58
Q

T cells recognize

A

short peptidees

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59
Q

the bound peptide belongs to the binding motif for HLA-A*02:01, could you bind a different peptide outside of HIV reverse transcriptase?

A

yes, it is a pretty general recognition. it just needs certain things in certain binding motifs.

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60
Q

class I MHC is very limited on what

A

size that can fit - has to be 9 aa

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61
Q

MHC class II is different than MHC I regarding size b/c

A

they have oepn ends and can fit more aa

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62
Q

what are anchor residues for MHC I

A

3,5,8

63
Q

what are anchor residues for MHC II

A

1,4,6

64
Q

where will MHC domains participate in binding in MHC class I

A

alpha 1 and alpha 2

65
Q

where will MHC domains partiicpate in binding in MHC II

A

alpha 1 and beta 1

66
Q

CD1 is similar ot

A

class I MHC

67
Q

CD1 is family of

A

MHC class I encoded outside the MHC

68
Q

CD1 presents what

A

microbial lipids

69
Q

CD1 present microbial lipids to

A

CD1-restricted T cells - NKT cells

natural killer cells!

70
Q

if APC present non-self or altered self, what happens

A

immune response initiated

71
Q

ultimate goal of MHC I

A

present non-self or altered self to result as a target cell

72
Q

APC

A

dendritic
activated macrophages
b cells

73
Q

B7 is going to be on surface of

A

APC

74
Q

B7-1 is what CD

A

CD80

75
Q

B7-2 is what CD

A

CD86

76
Q

CD28 is on surface of

A

T cell

77
Q

B7 will bind to

A

CD28 on T cell

78
Q

what is the first signal that happens for everything for immune response

A

binding antigen

79
Q

TCR sees epitope and portion of

A

MHC presenting

80
Q

antigen processing

A

proteolytic degradation

make large proteins into small peptides (and some lipids)

81
Q

antigen presentation

A

display

display bound to MHCI or II on surface of APC

82
Q

MHC-restriction recognition

A

processed and presented antigens in the context of MHC
molecules are recognized by specific T cell receptors (TCRs)

Antigens are presented by MHC I to CD8+ T cells
Antigens are presented by MHC II to CD4+ T cells

83
Q

CD8 are

A

MHCI restricted

84
Q

Class I is CD8 restricted b/c it requirs

A

CD8 receptor binding to class I

85
Q

MCH II restrictd to CD4+ b/c

A

it requires CD4 receptor binding to MHCII

86
Q

MHC class I

A

cytosol

87
Q

MHC Class II

A

endocytic vesicles

88
Q

when macrophage is presented what does it do when presented from class II

A

it becomes a better macrophage and activates more macrophages

89
Q

give summary of class II infection

A

Big picture: infection, exracellular. Probalby bac. Take it in via endocytic vesicle, chop into pieces, miss with lysosome, bring MHC II and combine the two vesicles (one with pieces with MHC II) and express it on the outside. The origin of peptide was extracellular infection

90
Q

give summary of class I infection

A

Class I
Got virus, virus makes copies of itself inside cell. In cell have mechanism for degrading proteins: proteasome, it becomes little pieces, now have mechanism to take the little pieces into ER, in ER have MHC I and it combines with protein pieces (epitope) and then go to cell and express

91
Q

which MHC calss is intracellular origin

A

class I

92
Q

which MHC class is extracellular origin

A

class II

93
Q

lysosomes

A

special organelle containing proteases and other hydrolytic enzymes
very acidic

94
Q

Endosomes/Phagosomes:

A

acidic vesicles containing foreign proteins and proteolytic enzymes
they bring in the foreign proteins

95
Q

when the vesicle take in the bac. what will happen as it goes through the cell

A

there are pumps that make the vesicle containig the bac. (or whatever else) acidic which helps it to degrade the protein

96
Q

vesicle containing class II molecule called

A

MIIC

97
Q

what is MIIC

A

the actual vesicle that joins with the epitopes

98
Q

when making MHC II there is alpha and beta chain, is the space open while it is being made?

A

no - invariant chain is blocking the peptide binding site

99
Q

what blocks MHC II epitope binding site in ER

A

invariant chain

100
Q

what is second role of invariant chain

A

guides to wherever the acidic vesicles are to fuse with phagolysosome.

101
Q

after invariant chain blocks things from entering MHC II what happens to it

A

chop it into pieces except for the CLIP

102
Q

what is CLIP

A

a little part of the original invariant chain that is still blocking the epitope binding site of MHC II

103
Q

what are two roles of invariant chain

A

blocks MHC II binding site

brings (traffics) it to endosomes

104
Q

once MHCII is bound to endosome and is surrounded by epitopes, what happens

A

HLA-DM comes in and helps exchange CLIP for peptide

105
Q

role of HLA-DM is to facilitaet

A

removal of clip

finding of the perfect epitope that will fit into peptide-motif

106
Q

what is key HLA involving in peptide exchange

A

HLD-DM

107
Q

HLA-DM works with what

A

HLA-DO

108
Q

MHC class II compartment is

A

MIIC

109
Q

li stands for

A

invariant chain

110
Q

where do MHC I peptides originate

A

cytosol

111
Q

MHC class I is

A

tissue specific

112
Q

why is MHC I tissue specific

A

b/c the viruses will target specific cells - there is specificity int erms of tissue by virus

113
Q

explain MHC Class I pathway

A

Virus enter cell, replicates, get proteins that are made in cytosol, so the protein is made in our own cells cytosol, proteasome, chops the protein made by viral mRNA into pieces, peptide piece brought into ER, LHA class I with peptides will be expressed on surface

114
Q

endogenous means?

A

having an internal cause or origin

115
Q

infectious virus can be presented in which class

A

I or II

116
Q

MHC I has what kind of foreign Ag

A

exogenous

117
Q

in MHC I what kind of proteasome takes in the virus protein

A

immunoproteasome

118
Q

what is function of proteasome

A

normally our cells are disposed uneeded or damaged proteins its degraded by proteolysis

119
Q

IFN gamma induces expression of

A

immunoproteasome

120
Q

what is cap of immunoproteasome

A

PA28 cap

121
Q

describe immunoproteasome

A

it is more efficient and works faster than the regular proteasome, activated by IFN gamma

122
Q

TAP stands for

A

transporter associated with antigen processing

123
Q

TAP 1 and TAP 2 requires

A

ATP

124
Q

TAP facilitates

A

peptides that are virus to be taken to immunoproteasome

125
Q

what upregulates expression of TAP

A

IFN gamma

126
Q

when you look at MHC I it’s single chain α and second molecule that for 3 D expression is needed, what is it

A

ß2m

beta 2 microglobulin

127
Q

what is essential for expression of MHC I

A

ß2m

it won’t be expressed without it

128
Q

peptide binding in MHC I

A

peptide binding in MHCI α1 & 2

129
Q

calnexin does what function

A

holds MHC I until ß2M arrives

130
Q

what is purpose of life for MHC I

A

to hold a pathogen epitope for T cell

131
Q

TAP facilitates transport of peptides from cytosol to

A

ER

132
Q

tapasin facilitates

A

putting peptides into MHC b/w α1 and α2

133
Q

tapasin, what is analgous protein in MHC II

A

HLA-DM
b/c peptide loading faciliated by HLA-DM in MHC II
test question!!

134
Q

if peptides loaded into MHC I and they are too long

A

ERAP comes and trims the peptide from amino end

135
Q

MHC I needs what length peptide in it

A

b/w 8 and 10

136
Q

what does ERAP stand for

A

ER aminopeptidase

137
Q

what does ERAP do

A

chop up peptide that is too long on MHC I from amino end

138
Q

presenting self is great unless

A

you are doing transplant - that would be what is recognized in organ rejection

139
Q

chances are if it is an intracellular antigen it is a

A

virus

140
Q

certain drugs will neutralize the pH of endosomes, what does this do

A

block processing and presentation of MHC II

141
Q

non-structural proteins of virus are not recognized by

are recognized by

A

not recognized by CD4

are recognized by CD8

142
Q

cross-presentation

A 
great example is hepetitis - b/c it only infects liver
answer to question is that you would take dying liver cell and take entire liver cell adn in the phagolysosome you continue class II pathway but some can escape and enter ER - so it does both class I and class II pathways
143
Q

cross presentation is specific to which cells

A

dendritic cells

144
Q

some viruses learn how our body works and have found ways to

A

interfere with antigen presentation by MHC class I molecules

145
Q

what are immunoevasins

A

produced by viruses to interfere with presentation of MHC I to interfere with our immune system

146
Q

some bacteria evade MHC II - how

A

escape endoosmes
neutralize endoosme acidification
block fusion with lysosome
sequester MHC II after vesicle fusion

147
Q

CD1 think

A

lipid antigen

148
Q

CD1 is similar to

A

MHC I

149
Q

instead of presenting protein CD1 function is

A

to turn on T cell that will see lipid antigen instead of protein epitope

150
Q

NKT cell

A

natural killer t cell

151
Q

CD1 present to what

A

NKT & gamma delta T cell

152
Q

normally CD1 binds self

A

glycolipid in ER

153
Q

ultimately CD1 will express what on surface

A

lipid

Immunology Block 2 (7 decks)

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