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Immunology Block 2 > 2 IG structure > Flashcards

2 IG structure Flashcards

1
Q

what is b cell receptor

A

antibody

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2
Q

will not go from membrane bound to soluble BCR unless

A

you get infection

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3
Q

specificity of epitope on BCR will not change when it is

A

soluble

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4
Q

every antibody has how many antigen binding site

A

2

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5
Q

what are two functional roles of b cell receptor

A

looks for antigen

secretes antibody

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6
Q

immunoglobulin is

A

antibody

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7
Q

Ab or Ig means

A

antibody

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8
Q

neutralizing antibodies

A

bind microbe or toxin and block them from entry

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9
Q

enhance innate cell function how

A

complement with antibody works better

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10
Q

what is big difference b/w BCR on surface of receptor and the secreted form

A

there is transmembrane region that will not be present in secreted form of antibody

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11
Q

BCR with transmembrane region will

A

stay on surface of b cell ,will be BCR

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12
Q

what is basic structure of antibody

A

heavy chain and light chain

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13
Q

antibody contains how many heavy and light chains

A

two identical light chains

two identical heavy chains

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14
Q

variable region on antibody is involved in

A

binding to antigen

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15
Q

constant region of antibody is involved in

A

mediating effector functions

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16
Q

antigen binding site of antibody is combinatino of

A

variable region of heavy and light chain - so they will both contribute to antigen binding site

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17
Q

resting b cell what will happen to most of them

A

they live until they die and they never find their “partner”

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18
Q

mature naive b cell must express what on surface

A

must express both IgM and IgD on surface

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19
Q

domain within light chain

A

constant and variable domain

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20
Q

domain within heavy chain

A

3 or 4 constant domains and 1 variable domain

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21
Q

Fab

A

portion that is antigen binding on antibody

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22
Q

Fc

A

portion that is constant on antibody

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23
Q

heavy chain has how many constant regions

A

3

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24
Q

light chain has how many constant regions

A

1

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25
Q

each domain in antibody is

A

immunoglobulin domain

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26
Q

connecting Fc to Fab fragment

A

hinge region

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27
Q

hinge region

A

antibody is flexible, hinge connects Fc to Fab fragments

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28
Q

what does hinge flexibilty allow

A

antibody to bind antigen close together, far apart, moving

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29
Q

antibodies recognize almost how many antigenic determinants

A

infinite number

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30
Q

what portion recognizes the antigen

A

variable region

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31
Q

hypervariable region

A

determines specificity within variable domain

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32
Q

CDR stands for

A

complementarity determining region

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33
Q

what is magic number for CDR

A

3

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34
Q

there are how many hypervariable regions

A

3

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35
Q

how many hypervariable chains in heavy and light chain

A

3 in each

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36
Q

what region has the variablity in antibody

A

v region

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37
Q

what type of interaction does epitope have with zika virus

A 
electrostatic forces
hydrogen bonds
van der waals forces
hydrophobic forces
NOT covalent
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38
Q

epitope does not have what kind of bond with antigen

A

no covalent bond

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39
Q

dissociation constant of 10^-12 is what affinity

A

very strong

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40
Q

dissociation constant of 10^-4 is what affinity

A

relatively weak but still have interaction

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41
Q

even though no covalent bond b/w antigen and antibody, it is still

A

a very strong bond b/c of all the forces

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42
Q

avidity

A

one single interaction of one antigen binding site with one epitope on
one that binds two is stronger than one that binds two.
avidity is combination of all the different interactions

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43
Q

once an antibody binds a particular pathogen what does it do

A

complement system more efficiently activated. C1 can bind directly to antibody molecule - the Fc region

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44
Q

IgM is a

A

pentimer

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45
Q

IgM has how many binding site

A

10

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46
Q

if a b cell is ready for action (to mature) it will have how many different antibodies on surface

A

2

IgM and IgD

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47
Q

isotype switching only happens

A

after infection

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48
Q

describe clonal selection with IgM and IgG

A

our body already has antibodies for things that will help get rid of diseases we’ve never seen

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49
Q

What are the major classes of immunoglobulin

A 
IgG
M
D
A
E
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50
Q

Fc is made up of

A

heavy chain

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51
Q

heavy chain designated by

A

greek letter

52
Q

gamma heavy chain will make

A

IgG

53
Q

u heavy chain will make

A

IgM

54
Q

delta heavy chain makes

A

IgD

55
Q

alpha heavy chain makes

A

IgA

56
Q

epsilon heavy chain makes up

A

IgE

57
Q

how many constant domains are in IgE

A

four

58
Q

how many constant domains are in IgM

A

four

59
Q

how many constant domains in IgA

A

three

60
Q

what are the only immunoglobulins that have four constant regions

A

IgM

IgE

61
Q

what are first BCR

A

IgM

IgD

62
Q

breast milk has what immunoglobulin

A

IgA

63
Q

IgE closely linked with/role in

A

parasite infections

allergic diseases

64
Q

what is main antibody in blood

A

IgG

65
Q

IgG can cross

A

placenta

66
Q

what is most abundant antibody

A

IgG

67
Q

when you first get sick what is main antibody

A

IgM

68
Q

IgM is a

A

pentamer

69
Q

what is marker for B cell to be mature

A

IgM

70
Q

what is only real function of IgD

A

present on surface of B cell

71
Q

if IgD onsurface of B cell

A

B cell is mature - will respond if it encounters antigen

72
Q

IgA is in

A

saliva, tears, breast milk, in secretions/mucosal surfaces

73
Q

IgE

A

parasites

allergic responses

74
Q

what antibody for parasites and allergic resposnes

A

IgE

75
Q

IgE is how much in blood

A

very low concentrations

76
Q

what is biggest antibody

A

IgM

77
Q

IgG and IgA have

A

subtypes

78
Q

IgG types

A

1, 2, 3, 4

79
Q

IgA types

A

1, 2

80
Q

very very small amounts of

A

IgE

81
Q

when is IgM pentamer

A

only when secreted. when it’s on surface of B cell it is a monomer.

82
Q

IgA is a (shape)

A

dimer

83
Q

Besides IgM and IgA they are all

A

monomers

84
Q

how is pentomer made

A

J chain

85
Q

greek ltter for heavy chain for IgM

A

u (mu)

86
Q

IgM can turn on what pathway

A

complement - classical pathway (only one to turn it on)

87
Q

monomeric IgM has what kind of affinity

A

low

88
Q

pentamerica IgM has what affinity

A

high avidity

89
Q

80% of all antibodies in blood is

A

IgG

90
Q

what is heavy chain of IgG

A

gamma

91
Q

IgG can turn on what pathway

A

complement - classical pathway (needs two to turn it on)

92
Q

memory b cells will have what in surface

A

mIgG

93
Q

memory b cell is going to be mainly what antibody

A

IgG

94
Q

FcRn is

A

brambell receptor or neonatal Fc Receptor

95
Q

endothelial cells surrounding baby - how does IgG go to fetus

A

IgG attached to FcRB present in moms blood -endocytoesed through Fc Receptor and then released to baby

96
Q

what type of protection is it when mom passes IgG to baby

A

passive protection - baby got premade IgG

97
Q

what is another passive protection

A

antibody - like if you’re bit by a snake

98
Q

If IgA is in serum it is a

A

monomer

99
Q

if IgA not in serum it is a

A

dimer

100
Q

What holds together two IgA

A

J chain

101
Q

Dimeric IgA connected by

A

J chain

102
Q

IgA is main antibody secreted on

A

mucosal surfaces

103
Q

how does IgA get to baby

A

poly-Lg receptor

the receptor uses J chain to bind the dimer, endocytosed, the Poly-Ig goes with the IgA (different than the other IgG)

104
Q

parasites and allergies, what antibody

A

IgE

105
Q

what is receptor for IgE

A

Cell-bound via FcR

epsiolon is the box

106
Q

what is the affinity of IgE to Fc receptor

A

very high - when it binds it is staying

107
Q

IgE receptors expressed on what cells with high affinity for binding to IgE

A

mast cells,eosinophils, basophils, langerhans cells

108
Q

why id IgE very low in blood

A

it binds to mast cells then just stays bound to them

109
Q

high affinity FcepsilonR binds IgE in the absence of

A

antigen

110
Q

IgD found where

A

on mature b cell

111
Q

IgD is co-expressed with

A

IgM on mature B cell

112
Q

describe IgD and IgM and RNA splicing

A

IgD or IgM is decided based upon RNA splicing - so it’s not until during the RNA stage that it decides on if it is going to be IgD or IgM

113
Q

what does neutralize a virus mean

A

bind the virus in a spot so they can no longer infect the cells

114
Q

what are biggest neutralizing antibodies

A

IgG IgM

115
Q

what is main antibody for opsonization

A

IgG

116
Q

what antibody for sensitization of mast cells

A

IgE

117
Q

isotype

A

w/in a species. so humans all have IgG, IgM, etc. based on constant region

118
Q

allotype

A

think allele. different alleles w/in a species. might get a different IgG from mom than you got from dad. might have slight differences in constant region

119
Q

idiotype

A

porition that binds the antigen. b/w infections the antigen binding site will be different. the binding region that is different

120
Q

CD3 present on

A

t cells

121
Q

poly Ig is associated with

A

IgA

122
Q

immunoglobulin superfamily

A

a lot of parts of the immune system that are related to each other, they have related genes, the domains are not only immunoglobulins

123
Q

each variable region has how many hypervariable regions

A

3

124
Q

hypervariable regions are also called

A

complementarity determining regions (CDR)

125
Q

what does CDR stand for

A

complementary determining region

126
Q

antigen binding site is composed of how many CDRs

A

3 light chain CDR

3 heavy chain CDR

Immunology Block 2 (7 decks)

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