Immunogens & Antigens Flashcards
adaptive immunity
cellular immunity
humoral immunity
immunogen
something that induces an immune response
antigen
the targets of the immune response
lymphocyte is part of what response
adaptive/specific response
DC stands for
dendritic cell
APC stands for
antigen presenting cell
what is role of plasma cell
make antibody
what are the memory cells
CD4 Th
CD8 CTL
B cells
what are three key players in adaptive immumity
CD4 helpter T
CD8 cytotoxic T cells
B cells - antibodies
what is the target for HIV infection
CD4 T cells
CD4 helper T cell will do what
take B cells and activate them sothey becme antibodies
activate CD8 cytotoxic T cells
b cell effector means
make antibodies against you
cd8 cytotoxic t cell effector means
im going to kill you
when you get particular pathogen (can be anything, viruses, bacteria, etc) it will fill the role of a
immunogen
any virus or bacteria will have a variety of proteins that will be what and what does this do
immunogens
makes a bunch of responses
APC is recognized, internalzied, process
and then presented to T cell
how do you present to helper t cells
once APC has internalized virus, process and on the surface of MHC class II you present to the T cell
what are examples of APC cell
macrophages or dendritic cells
DC stand for
dendritic cells
mφ stand for
macrophage
T cell sees the antigen within the context of
antigen MHC combo
what is required for t cell to be activated
Ag/MHC complex presented to it
activation of t cell means becoming
becoming functional t cell
what is on surface of b cell to recongize an antigen
b cell receptor
b cell receptor is what
antibody
What is TCR
t cell receptor
what does TCR recognize
viral epitope on a APC
B cell receptor is antibody and where is it
stuck in membrane of B cell (but it can also be soluble)
how does T cell recongize antigen
MHC class II
B cells see antigens as
they don’t need MHC
they recognize the immunogen themselves
BCR stands for what
b cell receptor
BCR is what
antibody on surface of b cell
activated b cell can receive help from
CD4 Th cell
what is effector cell of B cell
plasma cells
antibody on surface of b cell wonce it recognizes a virus what does it do
differentiates into plasma and release the antibodies out
some of them become memory so it can be fast if there is another infection
some helper T cells become
memory CD4 Th cells
secondary immune resonse
second time you’re sick or any time after that
activated CD8 becomes
effector cell
become CD8 CTL (cytotoxic T cell)
what does effector CD8 do
kills
find infected cell, kill it
how do cytotoxic t cells recognize viral epitopes
class I MHC cells present the viral epitope
some CTL become
memory
what does Ig stand for
antibody
epitope is the same as
antigenic determinant
t cells will only see epitope in context of
MHC
b cells will see epitope
direclty - can recognize virus and bacteria as they are, they dont need anything else
t cells only recognize antigen on MHC but what else
on my own body’s cells
what is hapten
tiny thing that gets attached to a protein and makes it an immunogen. it’s too small to be an immunogen but when it attaches to a protein it becomes an immunogen
what important hapten is important in medicine
penicillin
all immunogens are
antigens
not all antigens are
immunogens
immunogen is capable of
turning on the immune system
epitope is what
the thing that is actually in contact with the antibody
every antigen has at least one
epitope
another word for epitope
antigenic determinant
t cell receptors can only recognize what kind of epitope
linear epitope presented by MHC
antigens have multiple
epitopes
once haptens bind a carrier molecule (protein) it becomes
immunogenic
antigens - describe the epitopes they can ahve
they can have different epitopes or repeat the same epitopes
but an epitope can only recognize one specific thing
what is example of glycolipid
the antigen on our blood - A has different antigens than B blood type
whatwhat is example of polysaccharide is example of glycoprotein
influenza virus
hemagglutininbacterial capsular
polysaccharide
polysaccharides they will not be precessed by
t cells
t cells will only look at what kind of epitope
linear epitopes
t cells will not look at
polysaccharides
discontinuous vs. conformational epitope
pg 21
in reality of t cells and t cell receptors, entire antigen taken down and then waht happens
broken down into small peptide fragments, and then the peptide fragment (linear t cell epitope) binds to MHC molecule and then presented to TCR
majority of t cells will recognize what chemical nature of antigens
proteins
sometimes lipids and glycoproteins, but mostly proteins
diazo arsanilic acid is example of a
hapten
if you inject hapten carrier conjugate into rabbit to make antibodies what will happen
it will make three different types of antibodies - antibody against hapten, against carrier, and against hapten-carrier neoepitope
antihapten antibodies and the specificity
they are incredibly specific. so if you give antiserum against aminobenzene, it will not work against o-aminobenozic acid - so you can chagne just one position and it won’t work. they are very specific
penicillin is ex of a
hapten
penicillin molecule can attach to a
protein
how does penicillin attach to protein
covalently attached
people who allergic to penicillin
have antibody against the penicilin attached to protein
CD stands for
cluster of differentiation
CD3
t cell receptor - works with t cell receptor, found in all t cells
CD4
helper T cell
CD8
cytotoxic kill t cell
CD19
b cell
CD56
NK cell
CD34?
HSC
hematopoentic stem cell
CD95
Fas
list the heirarchy of immunogenicity
high: foreign proteins & glycoproteins polysaccharides nucleic acids, phospholipids haptens (low)
