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Immunology Block 2 > Immunogens & Antigens > Flashcards

Immunogens & Antigens Flashcards

1
Q

adaptive immunity

A

cellular immunity

humoral immunity

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2
Q

immunogen

A

something that induces an immune response

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3
Q

antigen

A

the targets of the immune response

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4
Q

lymphocyte is part of what response

A

adaptive/specific response

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5
Q

DC stands for

A

dendritic cell

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6
Q

APC stands for

A

antigen presenting cell

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7
Q

what is role of plasma cell

A

make antibody

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8
Q

what are the memory cells

A

CD4 Th
CD8 CTL
B cells

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9
Q

what are three key players in adaptive immumity

A

CD4 helpter T
CD8 cytotoxic T cells
B cells - antibodies

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10
Q

what is the target for HIV infection

A

CD4 T cells

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11
Q

CD4 helper T cell will do what

A

take B cells and activate them sothey becme antibodies

activate CD8 cytotoxic T cells

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12
Q

b cell effector means

A

make antibodies against you

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13
Q

cd8 cytotoxic t cell effector means

A

im going to kill you

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14
Q

when you get particular pathogen (can be anything, viruses, bacteria, etc) it will fill the role of a

A

immunogen

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15
Q

any virus or bacteria will have a variety of proteins that will be what and what does this do

A

immunogens

makes a bunch of responses

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16
Q

APC is recognized, internalzied, process

A

and then presented to T cell

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17
Q

how do you present to helper t cells

A

once APC has internalized virus, process and on the surface of MHC class II you present to the T cell

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18
Q

what are examples of APC cell

A

macrophages or dendritic cells

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19
Q

DC stand for

A

dendritic cells

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20
Q

mφ stand for

A

macrophage

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21
Q

T cell sees the antigen within the context of

A

antigen MHC combo

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22
Q

what is required for t cell to be activated

A

Ag/MHC complex presented to it

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23
Q

activation of t cell means becoming

A

becoming functional t cell

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24
Q

what is on surface of b cell to recongize an antigen

A

b cell receptor

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25
Q

b cell receptor is what

A

antibody

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26
Q

What is TCR

A

t cell receptor

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27
Q

what does TCR recognize

A

viral epitope on a APC

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28
Q

B cell receptor is antibody and where is it

A

stuck in membrane of B cell (but it can also be soluble)

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29
Q

how does T cell recongize antigen

A

MHC class II

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30
Q

B cells see antigens as

A

they don’t need MHC

they recognize the immunogen themselves

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31
Q

BCR stands for what

A

b cell receptor

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32
Q

BCR is what

A

antibody on surface of b cell

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33
Q

activated b cell can receive help from

A

CD4 Th cell

34
Q

what is effector cell of B cell

A

plasma cells

35
Q

antibody on surface of b cell wonce it recognizes a virus what does it do

A

differentiates into plasma and release the antibodies out

some of them become memory so it can be fast if there is another infection

36
Q

some helper T cells become

A

memory CD4 Th cells

37
Q

secondary immune resonse

A

second time you’re sick or any time after that

38
Q

activated CD8 becomes

A

effector cell

become CD8 CTL (cytotoxic T cell)

39
Q

what does effector CD8 do

A

kills

find infected cell, kill it

40
Q

how do cytotoxic t cells recognize viral epitopes

A

class I MHC cells present the viral epitope

41
Q

some CTL become

A

memory

42
Q

what does Ig stand for

A

antibody

43
Q

epitope is the same as

A

antigenic determinant

44
Q

t cells will only see epitope in context of

A

MHC

45
Q

b cells will see epitope

A

direclty - can recognize virus and bacteria as they are, they dont need anything else

46
Q

t cells only recognize antigen on MHC but what else

A

on my own body’s cells

47
Q

what is hapten

A

tiny thing that gets attached to a protein and makes it an immunogen. it’s too small to be an immunogen but when it attaches to a protein it becomes an immunogen

48
Q

what important hapten is important in medicine

A

penicillin

49
Q

all immunogens are

A

antigens

50
Q

not all antigens are

A

immunogens

51
Q

immunogen is capable of

A

turning on the immune system

52
Q

epitope is what

A

the thing that is actually in contact with the antibody

53
Q

every antigen has at least one

A

epitope

54
Q

another word for epitope

A

antigenic determinant

55
Q

t cell receptors can only recognize what kind of epitope

A

linear epitope presented by MHC

56
Q

antigens have multiple

A

epitopes

57
Q

once haptens bind a carrier molecule (protein) it becomes

A

immunogenic

58
Q

antigens - describe the epitopes they can ahve

A

they can have different epitopes or repeat the same epitopes

but an epitope can only recognize one specific thing

59
Q

what is example of glycolipid

A

the antigen on our blood - A has different antigens than B blood type

60
Q

whatwhat is example of polysaccharide is example of glycoprotein

A

influenza virus
hemagglutininbacterial capsular
polysaccharide

61
Q

polysaccharides they will not be precessed by

A

t cells

62
Q

t cells will only look at what kind of epitope

A

linear epitopes

63
Q

t cells will not look at

A

polysaccharides

64
Q

discontinuous vs. conformational epitope

A

pg 21

65
Q

in reality of t cells and t cell receptors, entire antigen taken down and then waht happens

A

broken down into small peptide fragments, and then the peptide fragment (linear t cell epitope) binds to MHC molecule and then presented to TCR

66
Q

majority of t cells will recognize what chemical nature of antigens

A

proteins

sometimes lipids and glycoproteins, but mostly proteins

67
Q

diazo arsanilic acid is example of a

A

hapten

68
Q

if you inject hapten carrier conjugate into rabbit to make antibodies what will happen

A

it will make three different types of antibodies - antibody against hapten, against carrier, and against hapten-carrier neoepitope

69
Q

antihapten antibodies and the specificity

A

they are incredibly specific. so if you give antiserum against aminobenzene, it will not work against o-aminobenozic acid - so you can chagne just one position and it won’t work. they are very specific

70
Q

penicillin is ex of a

A

hapten

71
Q

penicillin molecule can attach to a

A

protein

72
Q

how does penicillin attach to protein

A

covalently attached

73
Q

people who allergic to penicillin

A

have antibody against the penicilin attached to protein

74
Q

CD stands for

A

cluster of differentiation

75
Q

CD3

A

t cell receptor - works with t cell receptor, found in all t cells

76
Q

CD4

A

helper T cell

77
Q

CD8

A

cytotoxic kill t cell

78
Q

CD19

A

b cell

79
Q

CD56

A

NK cell

80
Q

CD34?

A

HSC

hematopoentic stem cell

81
Q

CD95

A

Fas

82
Q

list the heirarchy of immunogenicity

A 
high:
foreign proteins & glycoproteins
polysaccharides
nucleic acids, phospholipids
haptens (low)

Immunology Block 2 (7 decks)

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