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Immunology Block 2 > B Cell Activation and Differentiation > Flashcards

B Cell Activation and Differentiation Flashcards

1
Q

what is phase 4 of b cell activation

A

just searchign, just going around body trying to find infection

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2
Q

what is phase 5 of b-cell activation

A

find infection

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3
Q

what is phase 6 of b cell activation

A

attacking infection

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4
Q

describe phase 6 of b cell activation

A

differentiation to antibody-secreting plasma cells and memory b cells in secondary lymphoid tissue

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5
Q

for the majority of b cell differentiation and expansion need the help of

A

t cell

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6
Q

naive b cell have lower amounts of

A

IgM on surface than IgD

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7
Q

mature naive B cell will enter

A

circulation

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8
Q

once b cell going through tissue it will find

A

is epitope

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9
Q

b cell soluble vs. on the b cell membrane

A

won’t be soluble until you’ve encountered pathogen

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10
Q

IgM vs. IgD decision is made at what level

A

RNA level ,made before pt is sick

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11
Q

somatic hypermutation

A

nothing but fine tuning the antibodies

making IgM stronger binding to whatever the thing is -so mutates until it binds better. make antibody better

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12
Q

memory cells will express what on surface

A

IgG

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13
Q

after mature b cell sees pathogen it becomes

A

activated B cell

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14
Q

transmembrane receptors convert extracellular signal into

A

intracellular biochemical events

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15
Q

what is the transmembrane receptor we are talking about

A

BCR

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16
Q

what is extracellular signal

A

antigen

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17
Q

inracellular signal propagation is mediated by

A

large multiprotein signaling complexes

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18
Q

activation of some receptors generate

A

small molecule second messengers

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19
Q

BCR consist of variable antigen-binding chains associated with

A

invariant chains that carry out the signaling function of receptor

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20
Q

invariant

A

Ig alpha dn Ig beta

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21
Q

what are the invariant chains

A

alpha and beta

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22
Q

Antigen recognition by the BCR and its co-receptors leads to phosphorylation of

A

ITAMs by Src-family kinases.

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23
Q

The logic of BCR signaling is similar to that of

what is the difference

A

TCR signaling

but some of the signaling components are specific to B cells.

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24
Q

Syk is a

A

tyrosine kinase

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25
Q

Phosphorylated ITAMs recruit and activate the

A

tyrosine kinase Syk

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26
Q

what does Syk do

A

phosphorylates scaffold proteins that recruit the phospholipase PLC-.

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27
Q

invariant are associated with antibody and altogether we call it the

A

BCR

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28
Q

Igbeta and IGalpha are critical b/c they have

A

cytoplasmic side - that is where you put phosphate to get things going

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29
Q

cross linking

A

receptors need to cross link when they find antigen

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30
Q

what happens to b cell receptor when they find antigen

A

cross linking

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31
Q

once there is cross linking, it will get you to

A

cluster antibodies on surface of cell

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32
Q

put phosphate on tyrosine residue what type of enzyme

A

kinase

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33
Q

Blk, Fyn, Lyn are

A

the key tyrosine kianses that do initial phosphorylation

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34
Q

what is key mediator for the b cell activation process

A

Syk

35
Q

ITAM stand for

A

Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Activation Motifs

36
Q

ITAMS are

A

particular part withing Igbet and Igalpha that will get phosphorylated

37
Q

the initial phosphorylations initiate what to join

A

Syk

38
Q

list steps in BCR signaling

A

cross linking
Src family kinases (Blk,Fyn,Lyn) are activated

ITAMs on Igα and Igβ are phosphorylated

Syk is recruited to phosphorylated ITAMs and activated

39
Q

the actual onees that do ITAM phosphorylation are

A

Blk, Fyn, Lyn

40
Q

now that ITAM is phosphorylated, recruit

A

Syk

41
Q

what is the ultimate step in the BCR signaling process

A

transcrition factors - ultimately want to change the DNA and what is expressed. want to go to gene and turn it off or on

42
Q

main TF for BCR signaling

A

NF-kappaB, NFAT, AP-1

43
Q

after activate src kinases

A

phosphorylate ITAm

44
Q

after hposphorylate ITAM

A

recruite & ativate Syk

45
Q

after recruit and activate Syk, activate

A

activate PLCgamma

46
Q

what are the key second messengers

A

DAG, IP3, Calcium

47
Q

PLC gamma creates

A

DAG & IP3 (second messangers)

48
Q

after DAG activate

A

kinases

49
Q

after IP3 activate

A

Calcium

50
Q

ultimately second messangers will turn on

A

TF: NF kappa beta, AP-1 and NFAT

51
Q

list the steps of secondary lymphoid organs and circulation (basically start with mature b cell and go from there

A

Mature B cell: enters circulation and binds specific antigen, has IgM and IgG on surface → antigen-activated B lymphoblast, alternative splicing to secrete lg, iostype switching, somatic hypermutation → antibody secreting plasma cell IgM or IgG is secreted OR memory cell

52
Q

draw out 2nd messenger chain

A

pg 11

53
Q

CD19

A

it’s in all B cells

54
Q

all B cells will express what molecule

A

CD19

55
Q

what is CR2

A

complement receptor 2 - it is part of b-cell co-receptor

56
Q

what does CR stand for

A

complement receptor

57
Q

what is part of b cell co-receptor

A

CD19, CR2

58
Q

CR2 binds directly with

A

complement - binds C3d on bacterial cell

c3d s another fragment of C3; in add’n to c3b you will have c3b

59
Q

CD19 has ITAMs, describe what else it does

A

it is part of b-cell co-receptor
it is phosphorylated by BCR kinases
it is involved in positive signaling

60
Q

signals from BCR and co-receptor act

A

synergistically

61
Q

C3d is fragment of

A

C3

62
Q

CD19 is phosphorylated by

A

BCR associated kinases

63
Q

soluble antigens will interact with

A

C3d

64
Q

soluble antigen recognized by

A

BCR - antigen binding side

65
Q

after CR2 recognizes C3d and then what happens

A

CD19 is phosphorylated

66
Q

what is one of the important mechanisms for slowing down immune system

A

negative co-receptor function of FcgammaR

67
Q

what is Fcgamma R

A

IgG receptor

68
Q

if there is enough IgG in body that you have floating IgG attached to antigen, it probably means

A

you have enough IgG

69
Q

IgG released, soluble version of antibody, that soluble version floating around encounters on surface of B cell what recepor

A

FcgammaR

70
Q

when IgG finds FcgammaR what happens

A

makes complex with the actual BCR on the surface of the B cell, it triggers the negative response.
Ig alpha and Ig beta are activation ,in the Fcgamme R you have ITIM (versus ITAM) they are also immuno receptor but they are inhibition

71
Q

when ITIM is phosphorylated what happens

A

it slows down the process of clonal expansion, etc. it doesn’t shut down the whole b cell ,but shuts down the active part of making more antibodies, etc.

72
Q

What does TI stand for

A

thymus independent

73
Q

what does TD stand for

A

thymus dependent

74
Q

If you don’t knw if it is TI or TD assume it is

A

TD

75
Q

why does TD require protein

A

MHC needed and that needs peptide

76
Q

TI antigen

A

polymeric antigen - most often polysaccharide

77
Q

describe TI antigen

A

low affinity IgM
no class switching
no memory cells

78
Q

B1 cells are thymus

A

independent

79
Q

the cells that make IgM only are called

A

plasmablast

80
Q

when there is capsule from bac. and it is bound to BCR/antibody it is very important for all the antibodies to do

A

multivalent crosslinking

81
Q

draw out process for creating trasmembrane IgM and secreted IgM

A

pg 20

82
Q

the alternative splicing for transmembrane IgM vs. secreted IgM occurs after

A

antigen exposure

83
Q

T helpers need to play a role in

A

T dependent antigens

Immunology Block 2 (7 decks)

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