Metis

Question 1

Difference between Metis and metis

Answer 1

Large M Métis refer to the Métis Nation, which traces its formation back to the fur trade and the Red River settlement of Manitoba

Small m métis refers to individuals who have a mixed cultural ancestry of Indigenous and Settler origin

Question 2

Describe the Metis as an ethnic group

Answer 2

Perceive themselves as sharing beliefs, values, habits, customs and norms than other groups in the larger society

Perception of common ancestry between group members

Forms the basis for the inclusion/exclusion from the group: Us vs them, member vs. non-member

Question 3

What is ethnicity

Answer 3

Identification with a particular ethnic group

Question 4

What are the attributes of ethnicity

Answer 4

Origin myth: Shared historical experience
Boundary Markers: multiple forms (language, clothing, religion)

Question 5

What is ethnogenesis? Passive vs active ethnogenesis?

Answer 5

Creation of a new cultural identity by a portion of a pre-existing society

Creation of new language or language revival

Active: individuals deliberately engineer separated identities

Passive: Markers of group identity gradually formed and reinforced over time

Question 6

T/F Process is not simply a combination of traits of both cultures

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Describe the cause of variation in the Metis

Answer 7

Process of ethnogenesis resulting from Indigenous-European contact seen
across Canada

Question 8

What were the role of Metis in the interaction with Europeans

Answer 8

Marriage between the Metis and Europeans were required to facilitate trade. Traders and clerks with Indigenous women

Question 9

What was the role of the children from these trade marriages

Answer 9

Unique roles within the fur trade

Tripsmen, translators, hunters, independent traders

Question 10

What role did women play in the process of identity formation

Answer 10

• Possessed Indigenous knowledge and relationships with Indigenous males
• Viewed as being appropriate marriage partners for fur trade elite living “in country”

Question 11

T/F formation of Metis identity was immediate

Answer 11

False

Question 12

What was red river colony

Answer 12

Home to many Metis and Indigenous traders and hunters

Question 13

What were the major events in distinguishing Metis identity

Answer 13

Red river colony
Pemmican proclamation
Conflict from the proclamation
Battle of Seven Oaks
Decisive win for the Metis

Question 14

What was pemmican proclamation

Answer 14

Prevented any pemmican from being exported from the colony

Question 15

What was the battle of seven oaks

Answer 15

NWC Metis attacked the colony to take back Pemmican

Question 16

Which women were viewed as being appropriate wives for officers during the early fur trade

Answer 16

Women of mixed heritage

Question 17

What happened when European women were brought to Canada

Answer 17

Officers abandoned their Metis wives. Metis wives returned to their homes and brought the skills, practices, and traditions of upper-class European fur traders

Question 18

What was Michif language

Answer 18

Mixed language combination of French and Cree
French nouns and Cree verbs
Regional dialetcs and variations

Question 19

What was afocal activiyt of Plains Metis life

Answer 19

Bison hunt

Question 20

Describe the mobility of Plain Metis

Answer 20

Winters spent in seasonal cabins
Summers spent hunting bison

Question 21

What were the four political decisions

Answer 21

Constitution act
Powley Decision
Daniels Decision
Batoche National Historic Site land transfer