Lecture 5

Question 1

When were names assigned to indigenous groups? how were they named

Answer 1

• Names assigned were not done so after consultation with
  Indigenous groups
• At the discretion of the researcher
• Named after:
• Places they are near
• Owners of the property
• Not reflective of Indigenous cultural perceptions

Question 2

Three periods of human settlement in arctic canada

Answer 2

• Early Paleo-Eskimo (Early Pre-Thule)
• Late Paleo-Eskimo (Late Pre-Thule)
• Thule

Question 3

What is the arctic small tool tradition? What are some of the tools

Answer 3

• ASTt distinguished by the use of micro-lithics
• Small stone tools
  Microblades
  bow and arrow
  burins
  scrapers
  drills
  harpoons
  toolkit

Question 4

Describe the early pre-thule

Answer 4

• 4,500 to 2,800-2,300 BP
• Utilized a wide array of natural resources
• Focused on terrestrial animals as food sources
• Caribou
• Musk ox
• Waterfowl
• Utilized marine resources
• Seals
• Fish

HIhgly mobile to access seasonal resources
Larger settlements neear abundant resources
Hide tents
heated with hot rocks
Reigonal variation
Band organization
burials very rare

Question 4

What is Dorset Culture

Answer 4

No evidence of drills or bows
Largely depended upon marine resources
Permanent structures based around stable marine resources
Seals a large part of diet
Technology adapted for marine and marine ice environment
Bone and ivory
Metal
Artwork and spiritual life
Contact with Norse group
Disappears from canada 600-500 BP

Question 4

Describe the late prethule

Answer 4

• Emergence of the Dorset culture
• Developed in the western Arctic and moved eastwards over time
• Band society structure
• Has been proposed that Dorset culture developed from PreDorset Culture

Question 5

What were possible reasons for the disappearance of Dorset culture

Answer 5

• Warming climate melted historically frozen sea ice, limiting access to
  marine resources
• Seen in increased art – supernatural means of controlling environment
• Population pressures from Thule groups migrating east from Alaska
• Ancestral to modern Inuit
• Disease
• No immunity
• Small group size
  May have been incorporated into Thule

Question 6

Why did Dorset culture have contact with Norse

Answer 6

trade relationships