methods + types of transport

Question 1

methods of transportation

Answer 1

1. use a transport protein -> large, charged, or going against gradient (may be passive or active)
2. through the phospholipid bilayer -> small /or no charge

Question 2

glucose (C6H12O6)

Answer 2

protein - too large to go through the bilayer, would get stuck.

Question 3

amino acid

Answer 3

protein - too large to go through bilayer, would get stuck.

Question 4

O2

Answer 4

bilayer - small (can fit) + no charge (not repelled by non-polar fatty acid tails)

Question 5

CO2

Answer 5

bilayer - small (can fit) + no charge (not repelled by non-polar fatty acid tails)

Question 6

H2O

Answer 6

protein (aquaporin) - polar + would get repelled by non-polar fatty acid tails

Question 7

Na+

Answer 7

protein - charged (cation), would be repelled by non-polar fatty acid tails

Question 8

K+

Answer 8

protein - charged (cation), would be repelled by non-polar fatty acid tails

Question 9

passive transport

Answer 9

• doesn’t use ATP (energy)
• high -> low concentration
• goes along with natural concentration gradient

Question 10

simple diffusion

Answer 10

any movement from H -> L concentration without using a transport protein.

ex. cookie smell diffuses throughout house, O2 going into a cell

PASSIVE

Question 11

facilitated diffusion

Answer 11

using a transport protein to move a substance from H -> L concentration.

ex. glucose + amino acids coming into a cell (too large)

PASSIVE

Question 12

osmosis

Answer 12

the movement of H2O from a H -> L concentration.

PASSIVE

Question 13

hypertonic

Answer 13

(adj.) cell or solution has LESS H2O in comparison

Question 14

hypotonic

Answer 14

(adj.) cell or solution has MORE H2O in comparison

Question 15

isotonic

Answer 15

(adj.) cell and solution have reached dynamic equilibrium in H2O concentration. molecules will continue to move, but no net change will occur.

Question 16

water will move…

Answer 16

from HIGH to LOW concentration

• or -

from HYPOtonic to HYPERtonic

Question 17

plant cells

Answer 17

turgor pressure - cell is hypertonic, receives H2O, membrane expands and pushes up against cell wall

plasmolysis - cell is hypotonic, solution/other substance hypertonic. water leaves cell, cell dehydration + wilting.

Question 18

active transport

Answer 18

• uses ATP (energy)
• low -> high concentration
• goes against concentration gradient

Question 19

transport protein

Answer 19

Na+/K+ pump: protein has a spot where ATP (adenosine triphosphate) can attach itself. this powers the opening and closing of bringing the ions into and out of the cell.

K+ low outside cell, high inside cell (coming inside cell)

Na+ low inside cell, high outside cell (going out of cell)

Question 20

endocytosis

Answer 20

cell engulfs large substances

phagocytosis: substance being engulfed is a solid

pinocytosis: substance being engulfed is a liquid

ex. white blood cell engulfing viruses

ACTIVE

Question 21

exocytosis

Answer 21

a cytoplasmic vesicle fuses w/ cell membrane and its contents are released outside cell

ex. products from golgi being released into bloodstream

Question 22

Brownian Motion

Answer 22

FACTORS AFFECTING DIFFUSION:

constant random motion of molecules unless at absolute 0

Question 23

dynamic equilibrium

Answer 23

FACTORS AFFECTING DIFFUSION:

molecules will continue to move until equal - no net change of movement after equilibrium has been reached

Question 24

substances diffuse independently of each other

Answer 24

FACTORS AFFECTING DIFFUSION:

look at each molecule by itself, one molecule will not diffuse at the same rate as the other necessarily

Question 25

steeper concentration gradient

Answer 25

FACTORS AFFECTING DIFFUSION:

steeper = faster diffusion, more fervency to reach equilibrium as variation is so high

Question 26

molecular size

Answer 26

FACTORS AFFECTING DIFFUSION:

smaller = faster diffusion as it is easier for them to move through membrane

Question 27

temperature

Answer 27

FACTORS AFFECTING DIFFUSION:

higher temp = faster diffusion as heat makes molecules move faster

Question 28

molecules always move down gradient

Answer 28

FACTORS AFFECTING DIFFUSION:

this requires no energy, anything moving from L -> H requires ATP.