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biology honors > macromolecules > Flashcards

macromolecules Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the monomer of a carbohydrate?

A

monosaccharide

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2
Q

what is the monomer of a lipid? what is it composed of?

A

triglyceride - 1 glycerol molecule bonded to 3 fatty acids

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3
Q

what is the monomer of a protein? what are the components of it?

A

amino acid - central carbon with a lone H on top, an amino group to the left of the C, and an acid group to the right. Off the bottom, an R group that determines the shape of the molecule.

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4
Q

what is the monomer of a nucleic acid? how is it arranged?

A

nucleotide - phosphate group to the left bottom, a pentose sugar (5 C) in the middle, and a nitrogenous base to the top right.

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5
Q

what elements are in a carbohydrate?

A

C, H, O

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6
Q

what elements are in a lipid?

A

C, H, O - but there are many more C-H bonds than O

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7
Q

what elements are in a protein?

A

C, H, O, N, & sometimes S

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8
Q

what elements are in nucleic acids?

A

C, H, O, N, & P

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9
Q

functions of a carbohydrate?

A
  • provide quick energy
  • some provide structural support
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10
Q

functions of a lipid?

A
  • stored energy
  • insulation
  • some make up cell membrane
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11
Q

functions of a protein?

A
  • movement
  • structural support
  • catalyst
  • defense
  • transport
  • cell communication
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12
Q

proteins are bonded by + make…

A

polypeptide bonds and make polypeptide chains

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13
Q

functions of a nucleic acid?

A
  • store genetic information
  • has the recipe/code to build proteins
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14
Q

examples of a carbohydrate: monosaccharide

A
  • ribose: C5H10O5
  • deoxyribose: C5H10O4
  • glucose
  • galactose
  • fructose

all C6H12O6, arranged differently

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15
Q

examples of a carbohydrate: disaccharide

A
  • lactose: glucose + galactose
  • sucrose: glucose + fructose
  • maltose: glucose + glucose (C12H22O11)
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16
Q

examples of a carbohydrate: polysaccharide (structure)

A
  • cellulose: plant cell walls
  • chitin: fungi cell walls, exoskeleton of insects
17
Q

examples of carbohydrates: polysaccharides (energy)

A
  • starch: plants
  • glycogen: animals
18
Q

properties of a lipid

A

saturated: no double/triple bonds between C, cannot bend and get stuck in arteries. animal products. ex. butter

unsaturated: 1+ double/triple bonds between C, can bend and will flush out saturated lipids. plant products. ex. olive oil

non-polar, does not mix with water

19
Q

examples of a lipid (other)

A
  • phospholipids: cell membrane
  • waxes: on plant leaves to prevent dehydration
  • sterols/steroids (cholesterol): sex hormones
20
Q

examples of a protein: categories

A
  • movement: actin/myosin
  • structural support: collagen
  • catalyst: enzyme
  • defense: antibodies
  • transportation: hemoglobin (O2)
  • cell communication: hormones (most)
21
Q

examples of nucleic acids

A
  • RNA: ribonucleic acid (ribose sugar), creates proteins via translation
  • DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid (deoxyribose sugar), genetic information/code
  • ATP: adenosine triphosphate, energy of life
22
Q

what is a polymer?

A

a molecule built from many monomers

poly = many

23
Q

what is a monomer?

A

the building block that makes polymers

mono = one

24
Q

what is the test for a monosaccharide? what is a positive result? examples?

A
  • benedict test + hot h2o
  • turns orange if +
  • fruits, juices, sweets/candy
25
Q

what is the test for a polysaccharide? what is a positive result? examples?

A
  • lugol’s iodine test
  • turns deep black/purple if +
  • potato, pasta, bread, rice
26
Q

what is the test for a proteins? what is a positive result? examples?

A
  • biuret test
  • turns purple/lavender if +
  • meats, beans, egg white, dairy products
27
Q

what is the test for a lipid? what is a positive result? examples?

A
  • sudan red/IV: red bubbles
  • brown paper bag test: smear food sample on paper bag, let dry, hold up to a light, translucence means +
  • butter, oils

biology honors (10 decks)

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