Methods Of Separation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the methods of separation?

A
Filtration
Paper chromatography
Crystallisation
Distillation
Fractional distillation
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2
Q

What is filtration used for?

A

For separating an insoluble solid from a liquid

Or

An insoluble solid from a soluble solid

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3
Q

How do you carry our filtration?

A

By pouring the solid and liquid through filter paper in a filter funnel

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4
Q

What is paper chromatography used for?

A

For separating liquids by dissolving them in a solvent e.g. Separating ink colours or plant dyes

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5
Q

How do you carry out paper chromatography?

A

An example is separating ink colours or plant dyes

A dot of the ink/dye would be drawn into a piece of paper

It would then be left in water, which acts as a solvent

Because different colours have different solubility levels, some colours would travel further up on the paper

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6
Q

What is crystallisation used for?

A

Mainly used for purifying substances by forming crystals from a concentrated solution

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7
Q

What does crystallisation refer to?

A

The forming of solid crystals from a homogenous mixture (a solution)

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8
Q

Example of crystallisation?

A

Forming pure salt crystals-

Dissolve the impure salt in a solvent such as water

Allow to cool - pure salt crystals will form at the bottom of the water because it is in high concentration

The impure substances will be left in the water because they are low in concentration

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9
Q

What is distillation used for?

A

Separating a liquid from a solution

Separating two liquids with different boiling points

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10
Q

Example of distillation?

A

Separating water from a salt solution

Heat solution at the liquids boiling point - it will leave the solution as a vapour

Vapour condenses into a liquid - will fall into the beaker

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11
Q

What is fractional distillation used for?

A

Used to separate complex mixtures of liquids based on their boiling points

Eg crude oil

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12
Q

Dyes that make up ink differ in two ways:

A

How strongly they bond to paper

How soluble they are with a solvent

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