Chapter 1️⃣5️⃣-1️⃣6️⃣ Flashcards
Dynamic Equilibrium?
a balance between reactants and products
conditions of equilibrium
reaction must be reversible
system must be closed
Le Chatelier’s principle?
The equilibrium shifts to oppose any attempted change in conditions
inc temp?
shifts in the endothermic direction
inc pressure?
shifts to fewer gas mols side
equation for making Ammonia?
N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3
Effect of a catalyst?
Does not affect the position of equilibrium
Increases the rate of reaction
Iron catalyst used in the manufacture of NH3
What is the harber process?
Manufacture of ammonia from elements-nitrogen from the air and hydrogen from natural gas processing
Used to make fertilisers
Conditions for Haber process?
Temp-450oC
Pressure-200 atmospheres
Iron catalyst
How is the ammonia removed?
It is cooled and liquefied
What happens to the remaining Hydrogen and Nitrogen?
They are recycled promoting the formation of more ammonia
What does fertiliser do?
Promotes plant growth- producing bigger crops
How is fertiliser made?
The Ammonia is split. Some is oxidised to form nitric acid and then made into fertiliser
How many atmospheres are used to make sulfuric acid?
2- it gives a good enough yield (higher pressures involve cost)
Equation for sulfuric trioxide?
2SO2 + O2 = 2SO3
What temp is used for sulfuric acid?
450oC-
Low temp favours formation of SO3
Too slow is lower
What catalyst is used in formation of sulfuric acid?
Vanadium Oxide
V2O5
Chlorine uses?
Sterilising water
Making bleach
Making HCl
Sodium Hydroxide uses?
Soap
Paper-treating pulp
Bleach
Hydrogen uses?
Making margarine
Making Ammonia
As a fuel
What is the Chlor-alkali industry?
Where salt is extracted from underground deposits by solution mining
The salt can be electrolysed to form sodium hydroxide, chlorine and hydrogen
How does solution mining work?
Very hot water under pressure is pumped down into salt deposits
The salt dissolves and the solution can be electrolysed to produce three useful chemicals
The electrolysis can be carried out in a diaphragm cell
What can Nitric acid be used for?
To make explosives
