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Chemistry > Extraction And Uses Of Metals > Flashcards

Extraction And Uses Of Metals Flashcards

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1
Q

The extraction of metals depends on…

A

Its position in the reactivity series and cost

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2
Q

Electrolysis is used for metals…

A

More reactive than zinc

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3
Q

Heating with Carbon or carbon monoxide (as a reducing agent) is used to separate metals…

A

Up to zinc

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4
Q

Aluminium is extracted from an ore called…

A

Bauxite

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5
Q

Bauxite is…

A

Impure aluminium oxide

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6
Q

The half equations for the extraction of aluminium are…

A

Al(3+) + 3e- = Al
(Aluminium ions are attracted to the cathode and reduced)
2O(2-) = O2 + 4e-
(Oxide ions are attracted to the anode and oxidised)

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7
Q

Melting aluminium oxide requires…

A

Extremely high temperatures

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8
Q

To lower the melting point, aluminium oxide is…

A

Dissolved in an aluminium compound called cryolite as a flux to lower its melting point

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9
Q

Because of high temperatures in electrolysis the Carbon anodes will…

A

Burn with with the oxygen produced to form Carbon dioxide, so they have to be replaced regularly

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10
Q

One problem with electrolysis is…

A

The cost. The electricity requires cells with currents up to 100 000A

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11
Q

Properties that make aluminium good in aircraft:

A

It resists corrosion due to its aluminium oxide coat
It has a low density
It is strong

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12
Q

Properties that make aluminium oxide good for saucepans

A

It remains shiny
It is a good conductor of heat
It resists corrosion
It has a low density

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13
Q

Iron is extracted from … In a …

A

Haematite, which contains Iron (III) oxide, in a blast furnace

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14
Q

Coke is…

A

Impure Carbon

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15
Q

Coke burns to form…

A

Carbon dioxide

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16
Q

Coke burning is a … Reaction, which …

A

Strongly exothermic reaction which heats the blast furnace

17
Q

The equation for Coke burning is…

A

C + O2 = CO2

18
Q

Carbon monoxide is the main … In a blast furnace

A

Reducing agent

19
Q

The equation for iron oxide reacting with Carbon monoxide is…

A

Fe2O3 + 3CO = 2Fe + 3CO2

20
Q

The equation for iron (III) oxide being reduced by Carbon is…

A

Fe2O3 + 3C = 2Fe + 3CO

21
Q

The heat of the furnace causes the limestone to…

A

Thermically decompose

22
Q

Limestone thermos lily decomposes to form…

A

Calcium oxide and Carbon dioxide

23
Q

The equation for limestone thermography decomposing is…

A

CaCO3 = CaO + CO2

24
Q

A blast furnace is hottest at the top/bottom

A

Bottom. 400 oC at the top, 1800 oC at the bottom

25
Q

One of the impurities found in haematite is…

A

Silicone dioxide SiO2

26
Q

Calcium oxide on the blast furnace reacts with…

A

Silicone dioxide SiO2

27
Q

When calcium oxide and silicone dioxide react they produce

A

Molten calcium silicate (slag)

28
Q

The equation for slag forming is…

A

SiO2 + CaO = CaSiO3

29
Q

Wrought iron is …% iron and is used for…

A

100% iron and is used for decorative work such as gates and railings as it is very soft

30
Q

Mild steel is …% … And is used for

A

0.25% Carbon and is used for nails, car bodies and ship building as it is tough and malleable

31
Q

High Carbon Steel is …% Carbon and is used for … As it is…

A

0.25 - 1.5% Carbon and is used for cutting tools as it is very hard

32
Q

Cast iron is …% … And is used for … As it is …

A

About 4% Carbon and is used for manhole covers, guttering and engine blocks as it is very brittle but strong

33
Q

Stainless steel is iron mixed with … And it is used for … As it is…

A

Chromium and nickel and is used for cutlery and cooking utensils as it resists rusting but is expensive

Chemistry (18 decks)

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