Methods of Combatting Crime

Question 1

What was each tithing led by?

Answer 1

A tithingman

Question 2

How was crime combatted in the medieval times?

Answer 2

Via communal methods.
E.g tithings, hue and cry

Question 3

Role of the JP in the Tudor age

Answer 3

organised road and bridge repairs

gave ale houses licences
supervised poor relief

acted as magistrates

arrested and interrogated suspects

organised the Constables and Watchmen

Question 4

How effective were JPs in the Tudor age?

Answer 4

Whislt they were unpaid, it likely did not reduce their effectiveness as most JPs were rich landowners who did the job for presitige rather than financial reward.

Question 5

What powers did JPs gain in 1554?

Answer 5

They could arrest a suspect and interrogate them for 3 days.

This made them more effective

Question 6

Why did the JPs workload increase?

Answer 6

Due to rise in vagrancy

Question 7

Role of the Constable

Answer 7

Keep order in ale houses

Keep peace in the parish

Arrest criminals

Carry out punishments e.g whipping vagabonds

Question 8

How effective were Constables?

Answer 8

The Petty Constable’s job was unpaid and done in addition to a person’s usual day job. This made some people reluctant to work hard.

Most Constables were tradesmen or farmers in the local area, they had limited standing in the local community

Question 9

What was the presence of Watchmen aimed to do?

Answer 9

Their presence was meant to be a deterrent to criminals.

Question 10

How effective were Watchmen?

Answer 10

Watchmen were paid little for their job, and therefore many were reluctant to put in a lot of effort.

Many were found asleep in pubs and many of them were old people, making them less effective.

Charlies became objects of fun, and children would attempt to bait them

Question 11

What were Watchmen known as after 1663?

Answer 11

Charleys

…becuase Charles II set up a force of paid watchmen

Question 12

Why were the Bow Street Runners effective?

Answer 12

They had training, equipment, pay and worked full-time

Question 13

What were the Bow Street Runners provided with?

Answer 13

Handcuffs
A pistol
Beating stick

Question 14

How were the Bow Street Runners paid?

Answer 14

They were paid a guinea (A coin worth one pound and one shilling) a week to catch criminals, and also received rewards from each successful conviction.

Question 15

What did John Fielding publish?

Answer 15

He published a newspaper named ‘The Quarterly Pursuit’.

These newspapers publicised information on stolen property and crimes.

Question 16

What limited the work of the Bow Street Runners?

Answer 16

It was only established in London- in other areas the old system of JPs and Constables remained.

Question 17

Why were people opposed to a state run police force in the 19th century?

Answer 17

They believed it would threaten freedom, this was seen in other European countries at the time.

Increase in Tax to fund the police force

Question 18

How many men were in the MET Police by 1882?

Answer 18

11,700

Question 19

‘Walking the beat’

Answer 19

Constables in the 19th century were given a set area to patrol on foot

Question 20

Why did people in poorer working class areas resent new police forces?

Answer 20

Increased taxation

Question 21

When did the MET Police set up a plain clothes detective department?

Answer 21

1842

Question 22

What was the plain clothes detectives department role?

Answer 22

To investigate crime undercover

Question 23

Terrorism

Answer 23

The use of violence and threats to intimidate or coerce, especially for political purposes.

Question 24

How effective was the police force in the 19th century?

Answer 24

VERY EFFECTIVE

The whole country now had a full-time, paid, trained, uniformed police force.

The increasing specialisation and use of technology was making the police more effective at catching criminals and preventing crime.

Question 25

When did female police officers gain equal status to men?

Answer 25

1973

Question 26

What percent of the police force was women in 2015?

Answer 26

30%

Question 27

How did methods of the police change in the 1970s?

Answer 27

Due to new technology of cars, less police officers were ‘walking the beat’.

More rapid respone teams.

Question 28

When were helicopters introduced in to the police force and how did this help the police?

Answer 28

1980’s

As they were equipped with searchlights, infra-red cameras and video recorders it would make it harder for criminals to escape

Question 29

When was the 999 system established?

Answer 29

1937

Question 30

What is in the centralised National Computer Record?

Answer 30

Fingerprints
DNA Records
Vehicle details
Info about missing people

Question 31

When was fingerprint technology established and how did this help to combat crime?

Answer 31

late 19th centure

This allowed police to build up a nation database record.

This helped to identify suspects

Question 32

Why did the image of the police deteriorate in the 1980s?

Answer 32

Racism after riots

Question 33

Community Support Officers

Answer 33

Officers on the beat or on bicycles have returned to reassure the public

Modern era

Question 34

How effective is modern day police?

Answer 34

Very effective

Every year the Police Forces publishes a report on how effective each force was- then they are given targets to improve

Question 35

Who published The Public Hue and Cry newspaper?

Answer 35

John Fielding

Question 36

Which specialist unit was set up in 1878?

Answer 36

The Criminal Investigation Department (CID) was set up in 1878, and they are plain-clothes police officers.

Question 37

When were women allowed to join the police force?

Answer 37

1919

Question 38

Who were Thief Takers and what did they do?

Answer 38

Acted as unofficial policemen in towns and cities

Captured criminals and claimed the reward, or charged a fee for the return of stolen goods

Question 39

Why were Thief Takers critisied?

Answer 39

They were often corrupt and would fence the items they stole in a crime network of planned thefts

Question 40

Who introduced the idea of preventative and professional policing?

Answer 40

The Bow Street Runners

Question 41

What did the 21’st century see a return in?

Answer 41

Saw a return of community policing somewhat similar to those of the medieval era
e.g Neighbourhood Watch Scheme