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GCSE Eduqas History > Lincoln Prison > Flashcards

Lincoln Prison Flashcards

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1
Q

When was Lincoln Castle used as a gaol ?

A

1787 -1878

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2
Q

What were the two places in the Lincoln Gaol ?

A
  • The County Gaol
  • Cobb Hall
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3
Q

What type of prisoners were kept at the Lincoln Gaol ?

A
  • debtors
  • people awaiting trial
  • convicted criminals
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4
Q

What were John Howard’s criticism of the Lincoln Gaol ?

A
  • Lack of sanitation
  • Mixing of criminals and debtors
  • Mixing of men and women
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5
Q

When was the new Georgian prison constructed inside Lincoln Castle ?

A

1787

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6
Q

What type of criminals were housed in the Georgian prison ?

A

Debtors

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7
Q

What were features of the debtors cell in the Georgian prison ?

A
  • Rooms at the front of the building
  • Grill over a hole for a fire
  • nicer
  • Fireplace and cupboards
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8
Q

What were features of the guards room in the Georgian prison ?

A
  • Big Fireplaces
  • Dado rails + cornicing
  • Large bay windows
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9
Q

How did Gaolers abuse their power in the Georgian prison ?

A
  • Financially exploit
  • prisoners as free labour
  • charge prisoners for luxuries
  • sell ale to prisoners
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10
Q

When were modifications made to the Georgian prison ?

A

1756-1807

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11
Q

When was a separate debtors yard added for exercise ?

A

1820

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12
Q

When were exercise yards separated by gender ?

A

1820

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13
Q

What were ash privies that were added to these yards ?

A

a hole in the ground where sewage was mixed with ash

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14
Q

What additions were made to the Georgian prison in the 1820’s ?

A
  • Washrooms
  • Infirmary (Surgeons)
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15
Q

When was the new Victorian prison in the Lincoln Castle established ?

A
  • 1848
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16
Q

What was the Lincoln Felons Wing replaced by ?

A

The Crown Wing

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17
Q

Why was the Victorian prison established ?

A

1839 Prisons Act

18
Q

What was the architectural structure of the Victorian Lincoln prison ?

A

H-shaped

19
Q

What was the Victorian prison designed to be ?

A

Separate system Prison

20
Q

How were males and females separated by gender in the Victorian prison ?

A

Separate landings with its own stone bath

21
Q

What were the conditions of cells in the Victorian prison ?

A
  • Individual
  • Well ventilated with toilet and sink
  • Hammocks
  • Gas lit and heated by air
22
Q

What were some of the issues the Victorian prison cells faced ?

A
  • Sewer blockage
  • hot air causing typhus outbreak (1851)
23
Q

What religious room was introduced in the Victorian prison ?

A

Prison Chapel

24
Q

How was the separate system used in the chapel of the Victorian prison ?

A
  • Each prisoner had an individual stall
  • Can only see chaplian
25
Q

How were prisoners separated in the prison chapel of the Victorian prison ?

A
  • Women at the front on benches
  • Male criminals in the middle
  • Male debtors at the back
26
Q

Who was in charge of the Women’s prison ?

A

Matron

27
Q

What was the responsibility of the Matron in the Victorian prison ?

A
  • Look after prisons sick
  • Prepare food
  • Provide cells for mothers + babies
28
Q

How was the Matron limited in her power at the Victorian Prison ?

A

Required permission from warder to leave

29
Q

Who was in charge of the Men’s prison ?

A

Warder

30
Q

Where did executions typically take place at Lincoln ?

A
  • Outside castle walls on Burton Road
31
Q

How were prisoners executed at Lincoln prison ?

A
  • Noose attached to a cart with a horse used to pull
32
Q

Where did executions typically take place inside the Lincoln prison ?

A

Cobb Hall (Gallows)

33
Q

Who was the first person to be executed in Cobb Hall ?

A

Elizabeth Whiting - 15th March 1817

34
Q

How many people were executed by the gallows of Cobb Hall between 1817 and 1859 ?

A

38

35
Q

How were executed criminals buried at Lincoln prison ?

A
  • Simple Stone Markers
  • Buried at the mound of Lucy Tower in castle grounds
36
Q

Who was the executioner at Lincoln prison between 1829 and 1859 ?

A

William Calcraft

37
Q

What was the “Long drop” execution method used at Lincoln Prison ?

A

Height and weight of prisoner used to measure a rope for the most effective death

38
Q

When was the first person executed by the “long drop” method ?

A

1872 at Lincoln Prison

39
Q

Why were public hangings at the Lincoln Prison banned ?

A

1868 Capital Punishment Amendment Act

40
Q

What was Lincoln Castle Prison replaced by ?

A

HMP Lincoln

GCSE Eduqas History (31 decks)

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