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Hangaaar IFR > Meterorology Theory Part 1 > Flashcards

Meterorology Theory Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What percent water vapour is in the air?

A

0-5%

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2
Q

What is the temperature at the Tropopause?

A

Minus 56.5 degrees Celsius

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3
Q

Define Temperature

A

Temperature:
A measure of the average kinetic energy contained in a substance; the more kinetic energy the more molecules move and collide with each other

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4
Q

Define Heat

A

Heat Energy:
• A measure of the energy that may be transferred from one body to another
• Often an input of Heat
Energy = an increase in
temperature

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5
Q

Define adiabatic heating/coolong

A

Change in temperature WITHOUT the transfer of heat energy

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6
Q

What is the relationship between temperature and moisture?

A

The higher the temperature the greater the amount of water vapour can be held in a parcel of air

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7
Q

What is saturated air?

A

Air that contains all the water vapour it can hold at a given temperature.

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8
Q

The temperature at which a parcel of air reaches 100% saturation

A

Dew point temperature

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9
Q

Relative Humidity

A

Amount of water vapour in the air divided by the amount of water at saturation x 100

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10
Q

Fog or mist is likely when

A

There exists a narrow Temp/dew point spread (3 degrees C or less) AND there exists Moderate temperatures (5-20 degrees)

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11
Q

The horizontal mo movement of air from regions of high pressure to regions of low pressure is known as

A

Wind

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12
Q

A clockwise change in wind direction is called

A

Veering

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13
Q

A counter-clockwise change in wind direction is called

A

Backing

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14
Q

Define cyclonic flow

A

Air moves counter-clockwise and into the centre of a low

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15
Q

Air Convergence

A

Usually accompanies cyclonic flow and air meets in the middle and rises.

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16
Q

Rising air cools adiabatically, and clouds tend to form in what type of high or low system?

A

Low because of the air expands, it cools and gives off clouds.

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17
Q

Anti-cyclonic flow air moves _____

A

Clockwise and outward from a high.

18
Q

Usually, high pressure is accompanied by _____

A

Subsidence (descending air) that causes adiabatic heating and acts against cloud formation.

19
Q

With regards to wind, what is likely to happen below 3000 feet AGL?

A

The wind will back in direction and decrease in speed. That’s because below 3000 feet AGL friction with the earth becomes a factor.

20
Q

Above 3000 feet AGL, wind will

A

Flow parallel to the isobars

21
Q

If isobars are close together, wind will be ______

A

Strong

22
Q

If isobars are relatively far apart, then the wind will be…

A

Relatively weaker

23
Q

With regards to isobars, how will the wind flow?

A

Wind flows parallel to the isobars

24
Q

Prevailing winds in the Arctic are

A

Polar Easterlies.

25
Q

Water heats up _____ and cools down _____ than air

A

Slower, slower

26
Q

Define Air Mass

A

A large section of the troposphere with uniform properties of temperature and moisture content.

27
Q

What characterizes a continental air mass?

A

Dry - air mask forms over Oceans

28
Q

What character characterizes a maritime air mass?

A

Moist - air mask forms over Oceans.

29
Q

What are the characteristics of an arctic air mass?

A

Cold air-forms in the high Arctic

30
Q

What are the characteristics of a polar air mass?

A

Cool air forms in subpolar regions

31
Q

What are the characteristics of a tropical air mass?

A

Warm air forms in tropical regions

32
Q

A narrow transition zone between two air masses is known as

A

A front

33
Q

Frontal passage will always bring changes in:

A

Temperature
Barometric pressure
Wind speed
Wind direction

34
Q

What are the effects on temperature, barometric pressure, and wind when a COLD front passes?

A

Temperature-dramatic decrease

Barometric pressure-dramatic decrease as front approaches, steady rise as front passes

Wind speed and direction-wind will veer and increase, may become gusty

35
Q

A warm front is better defined as

A

The trailing edge of a retreating cold air mass.

36
Q

What are the effects on temperature, barometric pressure, and wind when a WARM front passes?

A

Temperature - gradual increase

Baro - gradual decrease as the front approaches, then small decrease as the front pass

Wind - wind will veer and increase, smaller changes than in a cold front

37
Q

Define Occluded Front

A

When warm air is cut off from the ground by a cold air mass

38
Q

What are the characteristics of an occluded front?

A

Slow moving
Weather associated last a long time

39
Q

Regardless of type of front, Frontal weather depends on 3 things.

A
  1. Moisture Content of warm air mass
  2. Stability of warm air mass
  3. Speed / Steepness of Front
40
Q

Result of a cold front:

A
41
Q

Result of a warm front:

A

Hangaaar IFR (23 decks)

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