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Airline Transport Pilot > Meteorology- Dynamics of Weather > Flashcards

Meteorology- Dynamics of Weather Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Charter Pilot (Part 135) - Oral flashcards
1
Q

What is the primary cause of weather?

A

Variations in solar energy on the earth’s surface.

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2
Q

What is adiabatic temperature changes?

A

Temperature change when no heat is added. The temperature change is caused by pressure only

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3
Q

What is the unsaturated air flowing upslope cooling rate?

A

3 C per 1,000 feet

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4
Q

What is a Katabatic wind?

A

Wind that flows downslope becoming warmer and drier.

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5
Q

What is another word for anti-cyclone?

A

High pressure area

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6
Q

Air movement in a high pressure area?

A

Downward and outward

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7
Q

Air movement in a low pressure area?

A

Inward and upward

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8
Q

Why do the winds on the ground move straight from high to low pressure? Why do the winds aloft move in a circular pattern?

A

Surface friction
Coriolis effect

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9
Q

What is an elongated area of low pressure called?

A

Trough

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10
Q

What is a dryline?

A

A difference in dewpoint on each side of the line (dry air on one side, moist air on the other side)

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11
Q

Where are the strongest winds in a jet stream?

A

On the polar side of the jet stream.

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12
Q

How many jet streams are there?

A

Three, the polarfront, subtropical, and polar night

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13
Q

The tropopause is generally found when the free air temperatures are…

A

between -55C and -65C

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14
Q

If the atmosphere is getting colder than standard, is the atmosphere stable or unstable?

A

It is unstable.

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15
Q

Temperature inversions only exist in what type of atmosphere?

A

A stable atmosphere

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16
Q

What is a ground based temperature inversion?

A

Terrestrial radiation on a clear, relativity calm night

17
Q

Where do cloud bases form?

A

Where the dewpoint lapse rate and the adiabatic lapse rate converge.

18
Q

In what conditions do you get radiation fog?

A

Warm, moist air, clear sky, no wind, small temperature/dewpoint spread

19
Q

What is advection fog?

A

Warm, moist air, moving over a coastal surface (coastal areas in the winter time)

20
Q

What is lake fog?

A

Warm air flowing over a cold lake forming fog on the leeward side of the lake.

21
Q

How does frost form?

A

Temperature of the collecting surface is below the dewpoint of the surrounding air and the dewpoint is below freezing.

22
Q

What is so dangerous about supercooled liquid?

A

It freezes as soon as it strikes an object.

23
Q

What do ice pellets at altitude mean?

A

There is freezing rain above your altitude. The freezing rain has turned to ice pellets.

24
Q

If you are flying through wet snow, what does that mean?

A

The air that you are flying through is above freezing.

25
Q

When does the minimum temperature of the day usually occur?

A

1 hour after sunrise

26
Q

If you are getting light rain or greater, how thick must the cloud layer be?

A

At least 4,000 feet.

27
Q

What is precipitation induced fog?

A

Fog resulting from relatively warm rain falling through cooler air.

28
Q

What are the three basic stages of a thunderstorm?

A

Cumulus stage- predominantly updrafts
Mature stage- updrafts and downdrafts. Beginning of this stage is signaled by rain falling
Dissipating stage-predominantly downdrafts

29
Q

How high should you fly over a thunderstorm?

A

At least 1,000 of altitude for each 10 knots of wind at the top of the thunderstorm.

30
Q

What is a severe thunderstorm?

A

Surface winds 50 knots or greater

and/or

Surface hail 3/4 inch or more in diameter

31
Q

What is the maximum strength of downdrafts in a microburst?

A

6,000 fpm

32
Q

What is the life cycle of a microburst?

A

Not more than 15 minutes

33
Q

What do the following terms mean in terms of time:
Occasional
Intermittant
Continuois

A

Less than 1/3 of the time
1/3 to 2/3 of the time
Happening more than 2/3 of the time

34
Q

Occasional light chop

A

Slight, rapid, somewhat rythmic bumpiness

35
Q

Light turbulence

A

Momentarily causes slight, erratic changes in altitude and attitude

36
Q

Moderate turbulence

A

Causes altitude and attitude changes

37
Q

What is a rotor cloud?

A

It is the lowest cloud, in the group of clouds associated with the mountain wave.

38
Q

In order for it to be called a hurricane, how fast must the sustained winds be?

A

65 knots or more

Airline Transport Pilot (17 decks)

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