IFR- Arrivals/Approaches Flashcards
What is the purpose of a STAR?
Simplify the clearance and delivery procedures.
What do the heavy black arrows on the STAR represent?
They represent the actual STAR route, where it starts and where it stops.
MSA, what is the obstruction clearance in mountainous and non-mountainous terrain
Minimum Safe Altitude (1,000 and 1,000)
MVA, what is the obstruction clearance in mountainous and non-mountainous terrain
Minimum Vectoring Altitude (2,000 and 1,000)
OROCA, what is the obstruction clearance in mountainous and non-mountainous terrain
Off Route Obstruction Clearance Altitude (2,000 and 1,000)
What is the maximum speed limit in a procedure turn?
200 KIAS The speed applies from when you pass the initial approach fix till when you complete the procedure turn.
Runway visibility
Distance down a runway a pilot can see unlighted objects
Runway visual range
Is a measurement of light intesity between two transometers
Convert to feet and SM distances
RVR 16
RVR 32
RVR 40
1600 feet (1/4 SM)
3200 feet (5/8 SM)
4000 feet (3/4 SM)
CAT I (Normal ILS) DH? RVR?
CAT II
CAT IIIA
DH- 200 ft RVR- 2,400 ft
DH- 100 ft RVR- 1,200 ft
DH- 0 ft RVR- 700 ft
What are the three basic components of an ILS?
Guidance- Localizer
Range- marker beacons
Visual information- approach lights
What is the frequency range of an ILS approach?
108.10 to 111.95 MHz
What can you substitute for an inoperative middle marker?
Compass locator or PAR
Does an inoperative MM affect the visibility or decision height minimums on a category I ILS?
NO
What do you need to go below the DH and MDA on an approach? What do you need to descent below 100 ft?
The two bars of red lights must be visible?
Whenever you are flying an approach with a glideslope, where is the FAF?
It is when you intercept the glideslope.
What does a black dot at the top of the approach lighting symbol mean?
It means that you have sequenced flashers as part of the approach lighting system.
What is the “rule of thumb” for descending on a 3 degree glidepath?
Rate of descent = 5 x groundspeed
What component associated with the ILS is identified by the last two letters of the localizer group?
Middle compass locator
What component associated with the ILS is identified by the first two letters of the localizer group?
Outer compass locator
The lowest ILS Category II minimums are…
DH 100 feet and RVR 1,200 feet
When executing a stabilized approach, you should use what FPM descent rates for precision and non-precision approaches?
No more than 1,000 FPM for precision and non-precision approaches.
HIRL
High Intensity Runway edge Lights
TDZL
Touchdown Zone Lights
RCLS
Runway Centerline Lighting Systm
RVR
Runway Visual Range
When you are first authorized for Category II approaches, during the first 6 months, what is your authorized DH and RVR?
150 ft and 1600 ft RVR
During a simultaneous approach, what do you need to alert approach control of immediately if it happens?
Any inoperative or malfunctioning equipment.
PRM
Precision Runway Monitoring
What is PRM?
A radar system for monitoring approaches to closely spaced parallel runways
When are side step approaches used?
When the runways are to close together to have simultaneous instrument approaches.
On a side step approach, when should you start the side step maneuver?
Begin maneuver as soon as possible after the runway environment is in sight.
If a procedure turn is not shown on an approach plate, what does that mean?
A procedure turn is Not Authorized.
Can an LDA approach have a glideslope? Marker beacons? What is the key thing about an LDA approach?
YES, YES, The localizer is offset from the runway centerline more than 3 degrees.
SDF
Simplified Directional Facility approach
Describe an SDF approach?
It is a lot like a localizer course, but it is not as precise. It is either 6 degrees wide or 12 degrees wide, where as a localizer course is 3 to 6 degrees.
What is the significance of the dashed line on an instrument approach plate?
It is the missed approach point.
MALSR
Medium Intensity Approach Light System
LORAN receivers must detect signal blink within how many seconds?
10 seconds
GPS
Global Positioning System
A GPS receiver needs how many satellites to get latitude and longitude?
3
A GPS receiver needs how many satellites for lat, long, and altitude?
4
A GPS receiver needs how many satellites for RAIM?
5 (5th satellite is needed to confirm RAIM)
Terminal sensitivity on the GPS has what tolerances?
+/- 1NM
Approach sensitivity on the GPS has what tolerances?
+/- .3 NM at the approach waypoint
GPS sensitivities (Enroute, Terminal, Approach)
+/- 5 NM
+/- 1 NM
+/- .3 NM
When do you manually sequence the GPS to the missed approach procedure?
After passing the Missed Approach Way Point
You can’t use a GPS approach overlay on what approaches? (Three approaches)
SDF, LOC, or LDA
If you are flying an ASR approach, when can a pilot initiate a missed approach?
At the pilot’s discretion
What does NoPT mean?
No procedure turn unless specifically cleared to do so.
When is radar service terminated when you are going into an uncontrolled airport?
When you land or when you are instructed to change to advisory frequency.
What is the difference between a contact approach and a visual approach?
Weather minimums:
Contact: 1SM CofC
Visual: VFR conditions
Approach assignment:
Contact: Pilot must request
Visual: ATC can assign (pilot may reject)
What are some IFR reports? (9 items)
1) Missed approach
2) Leaving an assigned altitude
3) Altitude change if operating on a VFR on Top clearance
4) If unable to climb or descend at least 500 FPM
5) Change in TAS of +/-5 % or 10 knots, whichever is greater
6) Any unforecast weather or severe weather
7) Any malfunction of navigational, approach, or communications equipment
8) Entering holding or reaching a clearance limit
9) Leaving holding
What are some IFR reports in a non-radar environment? (3 items)
1) Final Approach Fix inbound
2) Crossing a compulsory reporting point
3) Change in estimate by +/- 3 minutes
TEC
Tower Enroute Control
What is a Tower Enroute Control?
Where an aircraft stays with approach control (does not go to center) while flying IFR
What is the lost communications transponder code?
7600
What is the lost com route hierachy?
- Last clearance
- Expected route
- Flight plan route
What if you loss com when you are flying radar vectors?
Fly direct to fix, route, or airway specified in the vector clearance
What if you loss com altitude hierachy?
Highest of:
- Last assigned altitude
- Expected altitude
- MEA (Minimum Enroute Altitude)
MEA
Minimum Enroute Altitude
/R for aircraft equipment means what?
GPS equipped (means, you also have DME)
What if you loss com, when and where can you start the approach?
Upon arrival at any initial approach fix but not before the flight plan ETA as amended by ATC
What if you loss com, when and where can you start the approach if you are holding?
At the EFC (Expect Further Clearance) time as amended by ATC.
/A for aircraft equipment means what?
DME equipment in the aircraft
