Metals in medicines part 2

Question 1

what are alkali metals also known as

Answer 1

s block metals

Question 2

what is a property of electrons of s block metals

Answer 2

1 electron in their outer shell

Question 3

how does electronegativity change as you go down the group

Answer 3

decreases

Question 4

how do s block metals appear

Answer 4

as salts not in elemental state

Question 5

how are s block extracted

Answer 5

electrolysis starting from naCL or KCL

Question 6

what is oxidation

Answer 6

loss of electron

Question 7

what is reduction

Answer 7

gain of electrons

Question 8

what is lithium used for

Answer 8

manic depression and bipolar disorder

Question 9

describe the reactivity of lithium

Answer 9

lithium as a salt has the smallest ionic radius and is the least reactive of the alkali metals

Question 10

what are the two isotopes of lithium

Answer 10

6LI + 7LI

Question 11

what are the two isotopes of lithium used for

Answer 11

differentiate intra and extra cellular LI+ concentration

Question 12

what form of lithium is least irritating to the i tract

Answer 12

LI2 CO3

Question 13

how long is lithium monitored for and why

Answer 13

12 hours after administration by blood concentration as it has a narrow therapeutic index

Question 14

is lithium soluble in lipids

Answer 14

no

Question 15

how does lithium enter the cell

Answer 15

lithium sodium counter transport
anion exchange
unrelated transport molecules

Question 16

how does lithium act as a mood stabilizer

Answer 16

inhibition of key enzyme in Binding domain

Question 17

what are the adverse effects of lithium

Answer 17

tremors
memory problems
extreme doses cause nausea

Question 18

lithium drugs include

Answer 18

camcolit
liskonum
priadel

Question 19

what is the main biological role of sodium

Answer 19

osmoregulation

functioning of neurons and transmission of nerve impulses

passive transport mechanism

mode of action of several enzymes

Question 20

what is a hypertonic solution

Answer 20

that means the solution has a higher concentration of solutes than the surrounding area. This area will gain water through osmosis

Question 21

what is isotonic solution

Answer 21

isotonic, that means the solution has the same concentration of solutes as the surrounding area. No movement of water will occur;

Question 22

what is hypotonic solution

Answer 22

hypotonic, that means the solution has a lower concentration of solutes than the surrounding area. This area will lose water through osmosis.