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Molecules and Medicine > Infections 1 > Flashcards

Infections 1 Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is an infection

A

invasion and multiplication of a pathogenic organism in a host organism

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2
Q

what is infectious disease medicine

A

branch of medicine focusing on infections and pathogens

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3
Q

what are the 6 stages of infectious disease

A

acquisition

colonisation

penetration

spread

damage

resolution

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4
Q

name 2 catagories of the way our innate immunity can be broken down

A

physical and chemical barriers

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5
Q

what are the two forms of infection

A

endogenous

exogenous

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6
Q

what does endogenous mean

A

organisms present in or on the body

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7
Q

what does exogenous

A

microbes that are not part of our typical body flora

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8
Q

what is the 1st line of body defence

A

intact skin and mucous membranes

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9
Q

gives some examples of what body defence is in the 1st line of contact

A 
sweat 
mucous
antibacterial secretions
stomach acid
lysozymes
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10
Q

what is the 2nd line of body defence

A

phagocytosis and inflammation

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11
Q

what is phagocytosis

A

phagocytic cells in blood tissues and lung engulf and destroy microorganisms

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12
Q

what is the 3rd line of immunity

A

adaptive immunity

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13
Q

what are 3 examples of adaptive immunity

A

lymphocytes
antibodies
macrophages

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14
Q

what is exogenous infection usually termed

A

transmission

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15
Q

what are 5 forms of transmission

A

direct contact e.g. STIs

inahlation / droplet infection e.g. gastroenteritis

ingestion / faecal oral route

trauma / inoculation

transplacenta

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16
Q

what is colonisation

A

when an organism has established in a site whether it be internal or external but may not necessarily go on to invade and damage host tissue.

17
Q

what is a biofilm

A

biofilm comprises any syntrophic consortium of microorganisms

in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface.

These adherent cells become embedded within a slimy extracellular matrix

that is composed of extracellular polymeric substances.

18
Q

what sort of cells form a bio film

A

bacteria seldom lone cells

19
Q

why do biofilms add treatment difficulties

A

they hve co-operation between organisms creating a slimey outer layer making in more difficult to treat in a culture.

20
Q

what are the 4 forms of damage a pathogen can cause

A

mechanical damage from bulk effects

toxins

altered cell function

host response e.g. swelling pus scarring etc

21
Q

what are the two forms of toxins a pathogen can cause

A

exotoxin which is produced inside g+ve and diffuse out

endotoxin are LPS protein complexes mainly in cell wall G-ve bacteria

22
Q

what are 4 stages of resolution in infection

A

recovery
latent infection
clinical latency
chronic infection

23
Q

what is recovery mean

A

organism cleared from body no lasting effects

24
Q

what is latent infection

A

initial symptoms resolve but infection not cleared and can re occur often occurs with viruses

25
Q

what is clinical latency

A

can have a period of no symptoms but the infection course is continuing

26
Q

what is chronic infection

A

some infection may never clear can take a very long time to clear. some may even have long term ramifications

27
Q

what is a pathogen

A

an organism capable of causing disease

28
Q

what is virulence

A

degree of pathogenicity of an organism

29
Q

what is attenuation

A

a reduction in the virulence of a pathogen

30
Q

what is exaltation

A

an increase in virulence

31
Q

what is chemotherapy

A

use of synthetic chemicals to destroy infective agents

32
Q

what are chemoterapeutic agents

A

chemicals intended to be toxic for the pathogenic organisms but safe for the host

33
Q

what is a microbe

A

general term used to describe bacteria, fungi and viruses

34
Q

what is a parasite

A

general term used to describe protozoa and helminths

35
Q

what are the 3 molecular basis of chemotherapy

A

class 1

class 2

class 3 (best targets)

Molecules and Medicine (23 decks)

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