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Chemistry > Metals > Flashcards

Metals Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do metals have high melting and boiling points?

A

Metals except for group 1 elements and mercury have high melting and boiling points as their atoms are held together by strong metallic bonds.

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2
Q

Why do metals have high density?

A

Metals except for group 1 elements have high density as they are arranged with little spaces in-between them.

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3
Q

Why do metals have high resistance?

A

Their atoms are arranged in layers. They atoms in the layers slide past along each other easily, making it malleable and ductile.

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4
Q

Why are metals good conductor of electricity?

A

They have mobile electrons.

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5
Q

Why are metals good conductor of electricity?

A

They have mobile electrons.

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6
Q

Why are alloys stronger than normal metals?

A

In alloys, the larger atom of the other element disrupts the orderly arrangement of the atom in the main metal. This prevents the layers of atoms from sliding past each other, making it stronger and harder.

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7
Q

What is steel made up of?

A

Iron and carbon.

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8
Q

What is stainless steel made up of?

A

Iron, chromium, nickel and carbon.

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9
Q

What is bronze made up of?

A

Copper and tin.

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10
Q

What is brass made up of?

A

Copper and zinc.

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11
Q

What does metals and water produce?

A

Metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas.

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12
Q

How does potassium react with water?

A

It explodes with water. It catches fire(lilac flame) as a lot of heat is given off.
2K(s) + 2H2O(l) > 2KOH(aq) + H2(g)

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13
Q

How does sodium react with water?

A

It reacts very vigorously with water. It darts around the safe and catches fire(yellow flame) as a lot of heat is given off.
2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) > 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

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14
Q

How does calcium react with water?

A

It reacts readily with water, giving off a lot of precipitate.
Ca(s) + 2H2O(l) > Ca(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)

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15
Q

How does magnesium react with water?

A

It reacts very slowly with water.

Mg(s) + 2H2O(l) > Mg(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)

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16
Q

What does metal and steam produce?

A

Metal oxide and hydrogen.

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17
Q

How does magnesium react with steam?

A

It burns vigorously, giving off a bright white glow.

Mg(s) + H2O(l) > MgO(aq) + H2(g)

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18
Q

How does zinc react with steam?

A

It reacts readily.

Zn(s) + H2O(l) > ZnO(aq) + H2(g)

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19
Q

How does iron react with steam?

A

It reacts slowly with steam.

3Fe(s) + 4H2O(l) > Fe3O4(s) + H2(g)

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20
Q

What does metal and dilute acid produce?

A

Salt and hydrogen gas.

21
Q

How does potassium react with dilute acid?

A

It has an explosive reaction.

2K(s) + 2HCl(aq) > 2KCl(aq) + H2(g)

22
Q

How does sodium react with dilute acid?

A

It has an explosive reaction.

2Na(s) + 2HCl(aq) > 2NaCl(aq) + H2(g)

23
Q

How does calcium react with dilute acid?

A

It reacts very vigorously.

Ca(s) + 2HCl(aq) > CaCl2(aq) + H2(g)

24
Q

How does magnesium react with dilute acid?

A

It reacts vigorously, producing a lot of bubbles.

Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) > MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)

25
Q

How does zinc react with dilute acid?

A

It reacts moderately fast, producing a lot of bubbles.

Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) > ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)

26
Q

How does iron react with dilute acid?

A

It reacts slowly in cold acid, fast when heated. It produces a lot of gas bubbles and a pale green solution.
Fe + 2HCl(aq) > FeCl2(aq) + H2(g)

27
Q

What is potassium’s method of extraction?

A

Electrolysis.

28
Q

What is sodium’s method of extraction?

A

Electrolysis.

29
Q

What is calcium’s method of extraction?

A

Electrolysis.

30
Q

What is magnesium’s method of extraction?

A

Electrolysis.

31
Q

What is zinc’s method of extraction?

A

Reduction using carbon.

32
Q

What is iron’s method of extraction?

A

Reduction using carbon.

33
Q

What is lead’s method of extraction?

A

Reduction using carbon.

34
Q

What is copper’s method of extraction?

A

Reduction using carbon.

35
Q

What are the raw materials needed to extract iron?

A

Haematite, coke and limewater.

36
Q

What is hematite made up of?

A

Iron(II) oxide(Fe2O3) and impurities like clay and sand.

37
Q

Where does waste gas escape from?

A

From the top of the furnace.

38
Q

What happens in the first step of extraction of iron?

A

Carbon dioxide is produced.

Carbon in coke burns in hot air to form carbon dioxide and heat.
C(s) + O2(g) > CO2(g)

The limestone is decomposed by the heat to form calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.
CaCO3(s) > CaO(s) + CO2(g)

39
Q

What happens in the second step of extraction of iron?

A

Carbon monoxide is produced.

Carbon dioxide rises up the furnace. It reacts with more carbon in the coke to form carbon monoxide.
CO2(g) + C(s) > 2CO(g)

40
Q

What happens in the third step of extraction of iron?

A

Extraction of iron from haematite.

The carbon monoxide reduces the iron(II) oxide in haematite to produce motel iron. Hot waste gases like carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen escapes from the top of the furnace.
Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) > 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)

41
Q

What happens in the fourth step of extraction of iron?

A

Impurities are removed.

Impurities like silicon dioxide react with calcium oxide to form molten calcium silicate.
SiO2(s) + CaO(s) > CaSiO3(s)

42
Q

Why is iron commonly used?

A

It is easily available and cheap.

43
Q

What is needed for corrosion or rust?

A

Oxygen and water.

44
Q

What are three ways to prevent rusting?

A

Painting, greasing and plastic coating.

45
Q

How does painting help to prevent rusting?

A

The layer of paint prevents air and water from being in contact with the metal underneath. However, when the paint cracks, rusting will still occur and spread. Therefore, a new layer of paint is applied when the paint cracks.

46
Q

How does greasing help to prevent rusting?

A

The grease prevents air and water from being in contact with the metal.

47
Q

How does plastic coasting help to prevent rusting?

A

Metals are coated in plastic so as to prevent corrosion.

48
Q

Why is recycling metals important?

A

Metals are finite and non-renewable resources.

49
Q

In what ways does recycling metal benefit us?

A

Socially: Better conservation of natural resources.
Economically: Save money by not having to extract metal from ores.
Environmentally: Decreases land pollution by having less landfills to dispose scrap metals.

Chemistry (11 decks)

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