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Chemistry > Acids and Bases > Flashcards

Acids and Bases Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an acid?

A

An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions.

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2
Q

What is the chemical formula of sulfuric acid?

A

H2SO4

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3
Q

What is the chemical formula of hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl

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4
Q

What is the chemical formula of nitric acid?

A

HNO3

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5
Q

What are the properties of an acid?

A

1) Sour taste.
2) Corrosive.
3) Turns blue litmus paper red.
4) pH 1-6
5) Able to conduct electricity in aqueous solution

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6
Q

What does acid and metal produce?

A

Salt and hydrogen gas.

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7
Q

What does acid and metal carbonate produce?

A

Salt, water and carbon dioxide gas.

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8
Q

What does acid and alkali produce?

A

Salt and water(neutralization).

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9
Q

How to test for hydrogen gas?

A

Place lighted splint over test tube. If hydrogen gas is present, the splint will be extinguished with a pop sound.

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10
Q

How to test for carbon dioxide gas?

A

Bubble the gas through lime water. White precipitate is formed if carbon dioxide gas is present.

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11
Q

What is a base?

A

It is a substance that reacts with acids to produce salt and water only.

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12
Q

What is an alkali?

A

It is a base that can dissolve in water. It is usually metal hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide. It produces hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions.

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13
Q

What is the formula of potassium hydroxide?

A

KOH

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14
Q

What is the formula of sodium hydroxide?

A

NaOH

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15
Q

What is the formula of calcium hydroxide?

A

Ca(OH)2

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16
Q

What is the formula of ammonia?

A

NH3

17
Q

What is the formula of ammonium hydroxide?

A

NH4OH

18
Q

What are the properties of an alkali?

A

1) Bitter
2) Corrosive
3) pH > 8
4) Soapy feel
5) Turns red litmus paper blue

19
Q

What does alkali and ammonium hydroxide produce?

A

Salt, water and ammonia gas.

20
Q

How to test for ammonia gas?

A

Place red litmus paper over test tube. If ammonia is present, the litmus paper will turn blue.

21
Q

What colour is methyl orange in acid and alkali?

A

It is red in acid and yellow in alkali.

22
Q

What colour is screened methyl orange in acid and alkali?

A

It is violet in acid and green in alkali.

23
Q

What colour is universal indicator in acid?

A

Red for pH 1-2
Orange for pH 3-4
Yellow for pH 5-6

24
Q

What colour is universal indicator in alkali?

A

Purple for pH 8-9
Indigo for pH 10-11
Violet for ph 12-14

25
Q

What can be used to neutralize acidic soil?

A

Calcium oxide or hydroxide.

26
Q

What are oxides?

A

Oxides are chemical compounds that contain one oxygen atom and another element.

27
Q

What are acidic oxides?

A

They are oxides of non-metals. They dissolve in water to form acids. They react with bases to form salt and water only. They do not react with other acids.

28
Q

What are two acidic oxides?

A 
Sulfur trioxide (SO3) + Water (H2O) > Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) > Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
29
Q

What are basic oxides?

A

They are oxides of metals. They dissolve in water to form bases. They react with acids to form salt and water only. They do not react with other bases.

30
Q

What is an example of a basic oxide?

A

Sodium oxide (Na2O) + Water (H2O) > Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

31
Q

What are amphoteric oxides?

A

They are metal oxides that react with both acids and bases.

32
Q

What are three examples of an amphoteric oxide?

A 
Zinc oxide (ZnO)
Aluminum oxide (Al2O3)
Lead(II) oxide (PbO)
33
Q

What are neutral oxides?

A

They are oxides that do not react with acids or alkalis.

34
Q

What are three examples of neutral oxides?

A 
Water (H2O)
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Nitric oxide (NO)

Chemistry (11 decks)

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