Acids and Bases

Question 1

What is an acid?

Answer 1

An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions.

Question 2

What is the chemical formula of sulfuric acid?

Answer 2

H2SO4

Question 3

What is the chemical formula of hydrochloric acid?

Answer 3

HCl

Question 4

What is the chemical formula of nitric acid?

Answer 4

HNO3

Question 5

What are the properties of an acid?

Answer 5

1) Sour taste.
2) Corrosive.
3) Turns blue litmus paper red.
4) pH 1-6
5) Able to conduct electricity in aqueous solution

Question 6

What does acid and metal produce?

Answer 6

Salt and hydrogen gas.

Question 7

What does acid and metal carbonate produce?

Answer 7

Salt, water and carbon dioxide gas.

Question 8

What does acid and alkali produce?

Answer 8

Salt and water(neutralization).

Question 9

How to test for hydrogen gas?

Answer 9

Place lighted splint over test tube. If hydrogen gas is present, the splint will be extinguished with a pop sound.

Question 10

How to test for carbon dioxide gas?

Answer 10

Bubble the gas through lime water. White precipitate is formed if carbon dioxide gas is present.

Question 11

What is a base?

Answer 11

It is a substance that reacts with acids to produce salt and water only.

Question 12

What is an alkali?

Answer 12

It is a base that can dissolve in water. It is usually metal hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide. It produces hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions.

Question 13

What is the formula of potassium hydroxide?

Answer 13

KOH

Question 14

What is the formula of sodium hydroxide?

Answer 14

NaOH

Question 15

What is the formula of calcium hydroxide?

Answer 15

Ca(OH)2

Question 16

What is the formula of ammonia?

Answer 16

NH3

Question 17

What is the formula of ammonium hydroxide?

Answer 17

NH4OH

Question 18

What are the properties of an alkali?

Answer 18

1) Bitter
2) Corrosive
3) pH > 8
4) Soapy feel
5) Turns red litmus paper blue

Question 19

What does alkali and ammonium hydroxide produce?

Answer 19

Salt, water and ammonia gas.

Question 20

How to test for ammonia gas?

Answer 20

Place red litmus paper over test tube. If ammonia is present, the litmus paper will turn blue.

Question 21

What colour is methyl orange in acid and alkali?

Answer 21

It is red in acid and yellow in alkali.

Question 22

What colour is screened methyl orange in acid and alkali?

Answer 22

It is violet in acid and green in alkali.

Question 23

What colour is universal indicator in acid?

Answer 23

Red for pH 1-2
Orange for pH 3-4
Yellow for pH 5-6

Question 24

What colour is universal indicator in alkali?

Answer 24

Purple for pH 8-9
Indigo for pH 10-11
Violet for ph 12-14

Question 25

What can be used to neutralize acidic soil?

Answer 25

Calcium oxide or hydroxide.

Question 26

What are oxides?

Answer 26

Oxides are chemical compounds that contain one oxygen atom and another element.

Question 27

What are acidic oxides?

Answer 27

They are oxides of non-metals. They dissolve in water to form acids. They react with bases to form salt and water only. They do not react with other acids.

Question 28

What are two acidic oxides?

Answer 28

``` Sulfur trioxide (SO3) + Water (H2O) > Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) Carbon dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) > Carbonic acid (H2CO3) ```

Question 29

What are basic oxides?

Answer 29

They are oxides of metals. They dissolve in water to form bases. They react with acids to form salt and water only. They do not react with other bases.

Question 30

What is an example of a basic oxide?

Answer 30

Sodium oxide (Na2O) + Water (H2O) > Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

Question 31

What are amphoteric oxides?

Answer 31

They are metal oxides that react with both acids and bases.

Question 32

What are three examples of an amphoteric oxide?

Answer 32

``` Zinc oxide (ZnO) Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) Lead(II) oxide (PbO) ```

Question 33

What are neutral oxides?

Answer 33

They are oxides that do not react with acids or alkalis.

Question 34

What are three examples of neutral oxides?

Answer 34

``` Water (H2O) Carbon monoxide (CO) Nitric oxide (NO) ```