Metals Flashcards
What is the symbol of sodium?
Na
What is the symbol for potassium?
K
What is the symbol for lithium?
Li
What happens to lithium in water?
Effervesces because of hydrogen gas, floats, disappears after all has dissolved and produces a metal hydroxide and alkaline solution
What happens to sodium in water?
Effervesces because of hydrogen gas, ignites, melts and forms a sphere and produces a metal hydroxide to make an alkaline solution
What happens to potassium in water?
Ignites to a lilac flame, effervescence , made a pop sound, moved around, floats and produces a metal hydroxide to dissolve into alkaline solution
What is the trend in reactivity in the group one metals?
As you travel down the group, the metals become more reactive. They all effervescence because they produced hydrogen gas, produced a metal hydroxide to make an alkaline solution and moved around whilst reacting
Why are the group one metals called the alkali metals?
When they react with water, a metal hydroxide is produced which we can’t see an dissolve in the water to make an alkaline solution. Universal indicator test shows its alkaline as the water turns purple.
What is the word equation for the reaction of metals with water?
Metal + water ———> metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas
Word equation for reaction of metal with water
Metal + water ———} metal hydroxide + hydrogen
What is the test for hydrogen?
Lit splint test, which is conducted by filling a test tube with water and then placing it face down in a beaker filled with water. Then add calcium into the beaker and slide the test tube over the top of the calcium and collect the gas given off. Then once all the water in the test tube is drained, cover mouth of test tube with thumb and hold the gas in the test tube. Add lit splint into the tube of gas and if it’s hydrogen gas, a squeaky pop will be heard.
What is the result of the lit splint test?
Squeaky pop
What is the word equation for metals with acid?
Metal + acid —-> metal salt + hydrogen
Example Of symbol equation for metal and acid reaction
Na + HCl —> NaCl + H2
What are the three acids?
Nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid
What is the formula for hydrochloric acid?
HCl
What is the formula for sulphuric acid?
H2SO4
What is the formula for nitric acid?
HNO3
Metal salts are……..
Neutral
What is the order of reactivity series?
Potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, carbon, zinc, iron, lead, hydrogen, copper, silver, gold
Define displacement reaction
When a more reactive metal takes the place of a less reactive metal in its compound to produce a more reactive metal compound and a less reactive metal
General equation for displacement reaction
More reactive metal + Less reactive metal compound —> more reactive metal compound + less reactive metal
Define oxidation
When a substance gains oxygen
Example of oxidation
Magnesium ———> magnesium oxide
Define reduction
When a substance loses oxygen
Example of reduction
Iron oxide ——> iron
What is the word equation for the thermite reaction?
Aluminium + iron oxide —> aluminium oxide + iron
How is thermite reaction used to weld railway tracks?
Molten iron is produced from the thermite reaction and is used to connect two pieces of track together
Why isn’t the thermite reaction used on an industrial scale?
It is dangerous and produces a lot of heat and sparking which could cause explosions
What is needed for iron to rust?
Water and oxygen
What affect does salt have on rusting?
Increases rate of rusting
What is the word equation for the rusting of iron?
Iron + oxygen -( in the presence of water)—> hydrated iron oxide
Symbol equation for the rusting of iron
4Fe + 3O2 —> 2Fe2O3
What are the two methods to prevent corrosion?
Barrier methods and sacrificial protection
What is barrier method?
Covering the iron with a layer of something to prevent a layer of iron oxide to produce when iron reacts with oxygen
What are examples of barrier methods?
Painting, plastic coating and oiling
What is sacrificial protection and example?
Protecting iron against corrosion by using a more reactive metal to corrode in preference to the iron, such as in galvanising when zinc corrodes in preference to the iron or when magnesium blocks are placed near iron underwater
What are the pros and cons of sacrificial protection?
PRO: The more reactive metal corrodes in preference to the iron because it’s more reactive than iron in water
CON: the metal has to be replace because it completely corrodes over time
What is galvanising?
Coating the iron in a thin layer of zinc
Why is galvanising so good?
The coating of zinc provides a physical barrier between the water and the oxygen. The zinc corrodes in preference to the iron
Do metals only react with acids if they are more or less reactive than hydrogen?
Metals only react with acids if they are MORE reactive than hydrogen
Are metals on the right or left hand side of the periodic table?
LEFT HAND SIDE
When a metal reacts with hydrochloric acid it becomes a metal salt….
Chloride
When a metal reacts with nitric acid it becomes a metal salt…
Nitrate
When a metal reacts with sulphuric acid it becomes a metal salt…
Sulphate
What is it called when iron corrodes?
Rusting
Metals only react with water if they are more/less reactive than hydrogen
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