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BIOCHEMISTRY > METABOLISM OF GLYCOGEN > Flashcards

METABOLISM OF GLYCOGEN Flashcards

1
Q

A branched polysaccharide of glucose units.

A

Glycogen

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2
Q

Where is glycogen stored?

A

Liver and muscle cells

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3
Q

Function of glycogen

A

Energy reserve and glucose buffer

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4
Q

What initiates glycogen synthesis

A

Glucose uptake and phosphorylation

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5
Q

Key enzyme in glycogen synthesis

A

Glycogen synthase

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6
Q

What regulates glycogen synthesis

A

Insulin, glucose, and ATP.

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7
Q

Key enzyme in glycogen breakdown?

A

Glycogen phosphorylase.

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7
Q

Initiates glycogen breakdown

A

Hormonal signals (e.g., glucagon, epinephrine).

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8
Q

What regulates glycogen breakdown

A

Glucagon, epinephrine, and Ca2+.

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9
Q

What regulates glycogen metabolism?

A

Hormonal regulation, allosteric control, and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation

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10
Q

Role of insulin in glycogen metabolism?

A

Stimulates glycogen synthesis

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11
Q

Role of glucagon in glycogen metabolism?

A

Stimulates glycogen breakdown

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12
Q

What is von Gierke’s disease?

A

A glycogen storage disease characterized by impaired glycogen breakdown.

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13
Q

How does diabetes mellitus affect glycogen metabolism?

A

Impairs glycogen synthesis.

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14
Q

Consequence of excessive glycogen breakdown

A

Hypoglycemia

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15
Q

Difference between glycogen and starch?

A

Glycogen is a branched polysaccharide, while starch is a linear polysaccharide.

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16
Q

Role of glycogenin in glycogen synthesis?

A

Initiates glycogen synthesis by forming a protein-glycogen complex

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17
Q

Effect of exercise on glycogen metabolism?

A

Stimulates glycogen breakdown in muscle cells.

18
Q

What regulates glycogen breakdown?
a) Insulin
b) Glucagon
c) Epinephrine
d) All of the above

A

d) All of the above

19
Q

Function of glycogen synthase?
A: Catalyzes the addition of glucose units to glycogen.

A

Catalyzes the addition of glucose units to glycogen.

20
Q

What is the function of glycogen phosphorylase?

A

A: Catalyzes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate.

20
Q

How does insulin stimulate glycogen synthesis?

A

Activates glycogen synthase and inhibits glycogen phosphorylase.

21
Q

hat is the role of debranching enzyme in glycogen breakdown?

A

Removes branches in glycogen, allowing continued breakdown.

21
Q

How does glucagon stimulate glycogen breakdown?

A

Activates glycogen phosphorylase and inhibits glycogen synthase.

22
Q

How does ATP regulate glycogen metabolism?

A

Inhibits glycogen breakdown and stimulates glycogen synthesis.

23
Q

How does epinephrine regulate glycogen metabolism?

A

Stimulates glycogen breakdown and inhibits glycogen synthesis.

24
Q

What is the role of Ca2+ in glycogen metabolism?

A

Activates glycogen phosphorylase and stimulates glycogen breakdown.

25
Q

Glycogen storage disease type I, characterized by impaired glycogen breakdown.

A

von Gierke’s disease

26
Q

Glycogen storage disease type II, characterized by impaired lysosomal glycogen breakdown

A

Pompe’s disease

27
Q

Glycogen storage disease type III, characterized by impaired glycogen debranching.

A

Cori’s disease

28
Q

first step in glycogen synthesis

A

Glucose uptake and phosphorylation.

29
Q

energy source for glycogen synthesis

A

ATP and UTP.

30
Q

What is the substrate for glycogen synthase?

A

UDP-glucose.

31
Q

enzyme catalyzes glycogen branching?

A

Glycogen branching enzyme.

32
Q

What enzyme catalyzes glycogen debranching?

A

Debranching enzyme

33
Q

Group of inherited disorders characterized by deficient mobilization of glycogen or deposition of abnormal forms of glycogen

A

Glycogen Storage Disease

34
Q

Integrates the regulation of glycogenolysis and glycogenesis by promoting simultaneous activation of phosphorylase and inhibition of glycogen synthase

A

Cyclic AMP

35
Q

Glucagon acts on heart muscle but not on

A

skeletal muscle

36
Q

A non-neuronal cells that stores glycogen in the brain

A

astrocytes

37
Q

Branching involves detachment of existing?/

A

Glycogen chains

38
Q

It synchronizes the activation of Glycogen Phosphorylase w/muscle contraction

A

Ca2+

39
Q

Vasopressin, oxytocin and angiotensin II activates the

A

cAMP-independent glycogenolysis

40
Q

This enzyme inactivates the glycogen phosphorylase

A

Protein Phosphate-1

BIOCHEMISTRY (11 decks)

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