METABOLISM OF ACYLGLYCEROL & SPHINGOSINE

Question 1

What is the first step in lipogenesis?

Answer 1

Glycerol-3-phosphate + fatty acyl-CoA → phosphatidic acid (phosphatidine)

Question 2

What is the primary energy storage lipid?

Answer 2

Triacylglycerol (Triacylglyceride)

Question 3

What enzyme catalyzes the breakdown of triacylglycerol?

Answer 3

Lipoprotein lipase

Question 4

What is the product of diacylglycerol lipolysis?

Answer 4

Monoacylglycerol + fatty acid

Question 5

What is the precursor for sphingolipid synthesis?

Answer 5

Serine + palmitoyl-CoA

Question 6

What is the intermediate in sphingomyelin synthesis?

Answer 6

Ceramide

Question 7

What enzyme catalyzes sphingomyelin breakdown?

Answer 7

Sphingomyelinase

Question 8

What is the product of ceramide breakdown?

Answer 8

Sphingosine + fatty acid

Question 9

What hormone regulates lipogenesis?

Answer 9

Insulin

Question 10

What enzyme catalyzes fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 10

Fatty acid synthase

Question 11

What pathway is involved in sphingolipid signaling?

Answer 11

Sphingosine kinase pathway

Question 12

What is the role of glycerol-3-phosphate in lipogenesis?

Answer 12

Precursor of phosphatidic acid

Question 13

What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of diacylglycerol to triacylglycerol?

Answer 13

Diacylglycerol acyltransferase

Question 14

What is the primary fate of fatty acids released during lipolysis?

Answer 14

Oxidation for energy

Question 15

What hormone inhibits lipogenesis?

Answer 15

Epinephrine

Question 16

What is the function of sphingosine kinase?

Answer 16

Phosphorylates sphingosine to form sphingosine-1-phosphate

Question 17

What is the role of ceramide in cell signaling?

Answer 17

Apoptosis and cell growth regulation

Question 18

What enzyme catalyzes the breakdown of sphingomyelin?

Answer 18

Acid sphingomyelinase

Question 19

How does insulin regulate lipogenesis?

Answer 19

Stimulates glycerol-3-phosphate synthesis

Question 20

What is the role of lipoprotein lipase in lipid metabolism?

Answer 20

Hydrolyzes triacylglycerol in lipoproteins

Question 21

What enzyme catalyzes fatty acid elongation?

Answer 21

Fatty acid elongase

Question 22

What pathway is involved in sphingolipid synthesis?

Answer 22

Ceramide synthesis pathway

Question 23

Enzyme catalyzing triacylglycerol breakdown

Answer 23

Lipoprotein lipase

Question 24

Constitute the majority of lipids in the body

Answer 24

Acylglycerols

Question 25

Major lipids in fat deposits

Answer 25

Triacylglycerol

Question 26

Major component of lung surfactant, lack in Respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 26

Dipalmitoyl lecithin

Question 27

Found in the cell membrabe act as hormone second messenger & platelet activating factor

Answer 27

Inositol phospholipids

Question 28

Found in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane; contain sphingosine & sugar residues

Answer 28

Gkycosphingolipids

Question 29

Disorder due to a genetic defect in the pathway for glycolipid degradation in the lysosomes

Answer 29

Glycolipid storage diseases

Question 30

It initiates the catabolism of Triacylglycerols

Answer 30

Hydrolysis

Question 31

Triacylglyceriols hydrolyzed by a lipase into:

Answer 31

Fatty acids & glycerol

Question 32

Hydrolysis of Triacylglycerol occurs in the

Answer 32

Adipose tissue

Question 33

Utilization of glycerol depends on what enzyme present to such tissues

Answer 33

Glycerol kinase

Question 34

Glycerol kinase found in significant amount in

Answer 34

Liver Kidney Intestine Brown adipose tissus Lactating mammary gland

Question 35

These lipids are formedby acylation of triose phosphate

Answer 35

Triacylglycerols & Phosphoglycerols

Question 36

Significant branch point in the pathway

Answer 36

Phosphatidate & diacylglycerol steps

Question 37

Precursor for phosphoglycerols