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BIOCHEMISTRY > GLYCOLYSIS & OXIDATION OF PYRUVATE > Flashcards

GLYCOLYSIS & OXIDATION OF PYRUVATE Flashcards

1
Q

Conversion of glucose to pyruvate

A

Glycolysis

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2
Q

3 stages of glycolysis

A

Preparatory, cleavage, and payoff phases

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3
Q

What is the net ATP yield from glycolysis?

A

7 ATP

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4
Q

What enzyme catalyzes the first committed step of glycolysis?

A

Hexokinase

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5
Q

What is the purpose of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)?

A

Regulates glycolysis rate

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6
Q

The product of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate oxidation?

A

1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate

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7
Q

The role of pyruvate kinase

A

Catalyzes final step of glycolysis

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8
Q

What is the byproduct of glycolysis in anaerobic conditions?

A

Lactate

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9
Q

What is the regulatory molecule that inhibits glycolysis?

A

ATP

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10
Q

The energy yield from glycolysis?

A

2 ATP, 2 NADH

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11
Q

What is the product of pyruvate oxidation?

A

Acetyl-CoA

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11
Q

The coenzyme required for pyruvate oxidation?

A

Coenzyme A (CoA)

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12
Q

The enzyme complex responsible for pyruvate oxidation?

A

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the citric acid cycle?

A

Generates ATP, NADH, and FADH2

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14
Q

The energy yield from pyruvate oxidation?

A

12-15 ATP

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15
Q

Regulatory molecule that inhibits pyruvate oxidation?

A

Acetyl-CoA

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16
Q

What is the byproduct of pyruvate oxidation in aerobic conditions?

A

ATP, NADH, FADH2

17
Q

The enzyme responsible for converting pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?

A

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

18
Q

What is the purpose of the electron transport chain?

A

Generates ATP from NADH and FADH2

19
Q

Enzyme regulating glycolysis rate

A

Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)

19
Q

Enzyme catalyzing glucose phosphorylation

A

Hexokinase

20
Q

Electron acceptor in redox reactions

A

NAD+

20
Q

Enzyme catalyzing final glycolytic step

A

Pyruvate kinase

20
Q

Pyruvate oxidation defects

A

Lactic acidosis

21
Q

In yeast, pyruvate glycolysis under anaerobic conditions is decarboxylated and reduced to form a

A

Ethanol

22
Q

Process where phosphate is directly donated to ATP from the intermediate pathway

A

Substrate-level phosphorylation

23
Q

It has a higher Km than normal plasma concentration of glucose, it is not inhibited by its product glucose-6-phosphate

A

Glucokinase

23
Q

Hexokinase is inhibited allosterically by its product

A

Glucose-6-phosphate

23
Q

Glucose-6-phosphate is expressed only in:

A

Liver, kidney, and pancreatic islet

24
Q

This organ can be both consumer and producer of glucose

A

Liver

25
Q

Enolase catalyzes the dehydration of phosphoenolpyruvate, it is inhibited by

A

Fluoride

26
Q

Enolase is dependent on the presence of these ions

A

Mg+ or Mn2+ ions

27
Q

High glycolytic rate, tissues produce ______ if the pyruvate oxidation is impaired/absent

A

Lactate

28
Q

3 nonequilibrium reactions in Glycolysis

A

Hexokinase, Fructokinase, pyruvate kinase

29
Q

In erythrocyte, the ________ of ATP formation in Glycolysis may bypass

A

First site (phosphoglycerate kinase) bypass by biphosphoglycerate mutase

30
Q

Oxidation of pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA

A

a irreversible route (Glycolysis - Citric Acid Cycle)

31
Q

It is regulated by End-Product Inhibition & Covalent Modification

A

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase

32
Q

Inhibition of Pyruvate metabolism leads to

A

Lactic acidosis

33
Q

Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by its products:

A

Acetyl-CoA and NADH

34
Q

Alcoholic person are?

A

Thiamin deficient (alcohol inhibits thiamin absorption)

35
Q

Can be result of defects in one or more of the components of the enzyme complex; present w/ lactic acidosis, particularly after a glucose load

A

Inherited pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency

36
Q

Inherited aldolase A deficiency and pyruvate kinase deficiency in erythrocytes cause:

A

hemolytic anemia

BIOCHEMISTRY (11 decks)

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