Metabolism and Survival - Surviving Adverse Conditions

Question 1

aestivation

Answer 1

• type of dormancy which allows animals to survive periods of high temperature or drought
• often the process involves burrowing into the ground where temperatures are lower, and reducing metabolic rate
• consequential strategy

lungfish

Question 2

consequential

dormancy

Answer 2

type of dormancy which takes place after the arrival of the adverse conditions

Question 3

daily torpor

Answer 3

• short period of reduced activity, within each 24-hour cycle, in organisms with a high metabolic rate to help conserve energy
• organisms during torpor have greatly reduced metabolic rate during times of inactivity or when they are unable to get food

house mice (nocturnal), hummingbird

Question 4

dormancy

Answer 4

• allows survival during a period when the costs of continued metabolic activity would be too high
• during which, growth and development is temporarily come to a hault

Question 4

hibernation

Answer 4

• type of dormancy which allows animals to survive low temperatures
• during this time the organisms metabolic rate is greatly reduced
• this can be predictive or consequential

dormouse, painted turtle

Question 5

innate

behaviour

Answer 5

• inherited and inflexible
• plays a primary role in migratory behaviour
• occurs in response to an external stimulus e.g. change in photoperiod

Question 6

learned

behaviour

Answer 6

• begins at brith and gained by experience
• flexible as a result of trial and error
• plays a secondary role in migratory behaviour

Question 7

migration

Answer 7

• the seasonal movement from one place to another
• allows the animal to avoid metabolic adversity by expending energy to relocate to a more suitable environment

osprey, geese, salmon

Question 8

predictive

dormancy

Answer 8

type of dromancy which takes place before the arrival of the adverse conditions

Question 9

individual marking

tracking migration

Answer 9

• ringing - uses metal band with a unique number which can provide information on the animals recapture
• tagging - attached to the underside of the wing with a code which is in a database, on recapture the route and distance can be aquired

Question 10

transmitters

tracking migration

Answer 10

• satellite - excellent method, expensive and may cause drag in small animals
• radio - can be used for small and large animals, when invertebrate shed it becomes an issue, requires a tracking radio signal