DNA and the Genome - Structure of the Genome

Question 1

gene

Answer 1

sequence of DNA bases that codes for a protien

Question 2

genome

Answer 2

• the genome of an organism is its entire hereditory information encoded in DNA (in a full set of chromosomes)
• a genome is made up of genes (sequences of DNA that code for proteins) and other DNA sequences that do not code for proteins: these are called non-protein coding regions
• most of the eukaryotic genome consists of non-coding sequences.

Question 3

non-coding sequence

definition

Answer 3

general name for a region that does not code for a protein

Question 4

non-coding sequence

functions

Answer 4

• protection - telomeres are protective end caps to chromosomes which stop them unravelling
• regulation of transcription
• transcription of non-translated RNA - some sequences code for tRNA and rRNA (RNA fragments)