DNA and the Genome - DNA Structure, Organisation of DNA

Question 1

3’ and 5’ end

what’s on each end? can nucleotides be added?

Answer 1

• 3’ - deoxyribose end of DNA strand to which nucleotides can be added
• 5’ - phsophate end of DNA strand to which nuclotides cannot be added

Question 2

base pair rule

DNA

Answer 2

• adenine is only complimentary to thymine
• guanine is only complimentary to cytosine

bases are held together by weak hydrogen bonds

Question 3

antiparallel

Answer 3

the relationship between two strands of DNA with thier sugar-phosphate backbones running in opposite directions

one strand from 5’ to 3’ and the other from 3’ to 5’

Question 4

DNA

what is it?

Answer 4

nucleic acid present in linear and circular chromosomes which stores genetic information

Question 5

eukaryote

Answer 5

advanced organism such as plant or animal

contains membrane bound organelles

Question 6

genotype

Answer 6

genetic constitution of an organism determined by the sequence of bases in its DNA

Question 7

nucleotide

Answer 7

basic unit of which nucleic acids are composed

Question 8

plasmid

Answer 8

small ring of DNA present in prokaryotes

and yeast

Question 9

prokaryote

Answer 9

simple organism such as bacterium

Question 10

sugar-phosphate backbone

what is it? what does it do?

Answer 10

supporting structure of nucleic acid molecule formed by (stong chemical) bonding between adjacent nucleotides